Microscopy and Tissue Types
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?

  • Storing fat and repairing damaged tissues
  • Transporting nutrients and wastes
  • Support and protection of organs and cells
  • Providing protection, secretion, absorption, and filtration (correct)

    • What is the main difference between a tissue and an organ?

  • A tissue is composed of two or more cell types, while an organ is composed of only one cell type
  • A tissue has a specific function, while an organ is a structural unit
  • A tissue is found only on the surface of the body, while an organ is found internally
  • A tissue is a group of cells, while an organ is a group of tissues (correct)

    • What is a characteristic of connective tissue?

  • It is found only in the skin
  • It is composed of only one cell type
  • It is used for support and protection of organs and cells (correct)
  • It provides protection, secretion, absorption, and filtration

    • How many divisions of muscular tissue are there?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microscopy provides high-resolution images of intracellular structures and organelles?

    <p>Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the basement membrane in epithelial tissue?

    <p>To regulate what enters and leaves the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which organs can epithelial tissue be found?

    <p>Liver, kidney, skin, and lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of serous membranes in the body?

    <p>To act as a lubricant to reduce friction from muscle movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the potential space between the pleura, the two thin membranes that line and surround the lungs?

    <p>Pleural cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organs is fully encased by a serous membrane?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fibrous sac that encloses the heart and great vessels?

    <p>Pericardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the serous membrane?

    <p>Fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for organs that are not fully encased by a serous membrane?

    <p>Retroperitoneal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of serous membranes in embryonic development?

    <p>Mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of pleural fluid in the pleural cavity?

    <p>To provide lubrication for the lungs during respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the areas where two surface membranes meet with a thin fluid-filled gap?

    <p>Potential spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During gastrulation, what leads to the formation of internal organs with their distinct left-right arrangements?

    <p>The unequal activity of certain molecules and genes on both sides of the primitive streak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the segments of the external body that are connected to specific nerves?

    <p>Dermatomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the structures that emerge during embryonic development and eventually form the heart?

    <p>Pericardial cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the molecules and genes that are not equally active on both sides of the primitive streak during gastrulation?

    <p>Gastrulation molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of adenocarcinoma?

    <p>It is a type of epithelial cancer that arises from glandular epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the skin?

    <p>Touch, pressure, pain, and temperature regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the epidermis?

    <p>Ectoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the hypodermis?

    <p>To provide insulation and main blood supply to the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the dermis?

    <p>It is a type of connective tissue derived from mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Langerhans cells in the epidermis?

    <p>To present antigens to the immune system and aid in immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organs has both exocrine and endocrine functions?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of keratinocytes in the epidermis?

    <p>To form protective shields and provide strength to the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell is responsible for receiving the sensation of touch?

    <p>Merkel cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sebaceous glands?

    <p>Waterproofing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the epidermis?

    <p>Avascular and multilayered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of burn is also known as full thickness?

    <p>Third degree burn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the arrector pili muscle?

    <p>Erecting hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of nails?

    <p>Hard layers of keratin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of junction is found in the epidermis?

    <p>Tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions, and hemidesmosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of basal cells in the epidermis?

    <p>Just above the basement membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the epithelial layer that forms the outer layer of the skin?

    <p>To protect underlying layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelium allows tissue to expand and contract in response to fluid pressure?

    <p>Transitional epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the epithelial layer that lines a body surface or cavity?

    <p>Epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of epithelial tissue that forms the lining of the urinary bladder?

    <p>To allow tissue to expand and contract in response to fluid pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the outer layer of the skin formed by keratinized epithelium?

    <p>Stratum corneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelium is characterized by cells that appear to be layered, but are not truly stratified?

    <p>Pseudostratified epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Microscopy

    • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals cell surface details
    • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provides high-resolution images of intracellular structures and organelles

    Tissue Organization

    • Cell → Tissue → Organ → System
    • Tissue: a collection of cells that are adapted to perform a specific function
    • Organ: two or more tissues combined to create a structural unit that has a particular function

    Types of Tissue

    Epithelial Tissue

    • Covers body surface, forms lining for internal cavities
    • Provides protection, secretion, absorption, and filtration
    • Contains basement membrane
    • Found in liver, kidney, skin, lung

    Connective Tissue

    • Used for support and protection of organs and cells
    • Transports nutrients and wastes, defends against pathogens, stores fat, and repairs damaged tissues
    • Examples: cartilage, bone, blood, tendon, ligament

    Muscular Tissue

    • Has three divisions

    Serous Membranes

    • Formed from mesoderm
    • Lines body wall and covers internal organs
    • Acts as a lubricant to reduce friction from muscle movement
    • Has three parts: visceral membrane, parietal membrane, and cavity

    Specific Serous Membranes

    Peritoneum

    • A serous membrane that encases organs
    • Intraperitoneal organs are fully encased by serous membrane

    Pericardium

    • A fibrous sac that encloses the heart and great vessels

    Retroperitoneal

    • Organs are not fully encased by serous membrane

    Pleural Cavity

    • The space between the pleura, the two thin membranes that line and surround the lungs
    • Contains a small amount of liquid known as pleural fluid, which provides lubrication during respiration

    Pericardial Cavity

    • Plays a critical role in protecting and supporting the heart

    Body Organization

    • The human body is symmetrical externally but asymmetrical internally
    • External body is organized into segments called dermatomes, which come from somites
    • Each dermatome is connected to a specific nerve
    • Left-right differences occur due to uneven activity of molecules and genes during gastrulation

    Potential Spaces

    • Small spaces that have the potential to expand
    • Not rigid
    • Technical definition: areas where two surface membranes meet with a thin fluid-filled gap
    • Examples: serous membranes, fascia planes, and collapsible tubes/spaces

    Epithelia

    • Epithelia is a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity
    • Nearly all substances received or given off by the body must pass through an epithelium layer
    • Types of epithelia include keratinized, pseudostratified, and transitional epithelium

    Keratinized Epithelium

    • Forms the outer layer of the skin
    • Protects underlying layers

    Pseudostratified Epithelium

    • No additional information provided

    Transitional Epithelium

    • Allows tissue to expand and contract in response to fluid pressure
    • Found in the inner walls of the urinary bladder, allowing it to expand when filling with urine

    Skin

    • The skin is the largest organ of the body
    • Acts as a physical barrier, protecting against infection, physical damage, and chemical damage
    • Regulates touch, pressure, pain, and temperature

    Layers of the Skin

    • Epidermis:
      • Derived from ectoderm
      • Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
      • Contains keratinocytes (protective shields) and Langerhans cells
      • 4 layers: horny layer (stratum corneum), granular layer, spinous layer, and basal layer
    • Dermis:
      • Dense connective tissue derived from mesoderm
      • Contains fibroblasts, collagen, blood, mast cells, receptors, and nerves
      • Provides flexibility and strength to the skin
    • Hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue):
      • Main blood supply for the rest of the skin
      • Provides insulation

    Skin Appendages

    • Hair:
      • Used for thermal regulation and display
      • Associated with arrector pili muscle and sebaceous glands
    • Nails:
      • Provide physical protection
      • Composed of hard layers of keratin
    • Sweat glands:
      • Eccrine and apocrine glands
      • Help regulate body temperature

    Burns

    • First and second degree burns:
      • Partial thickness burns, not affecting all skin layers
      • Example: sunburn
    • Third degree burns:
      • Full thickness burns, affecting all skin layers and some underlying tissues

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    Description

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