Microscope Functions and Usage

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Questions and Answers

Who concluded that all animals are made of cells?

Theodor Schwann (correct)

Matthias Schleiden

Robert Hooke

Rudolph Virchow

What is the basic tenet underlying the field of biology?

Theory of relativity

Quantum theory

Cell theory (correct)

Theory of evolution

Which statement is NOT a part of classical cell theory?

Cells arise from spontaneous generation (correct)

Cells are the basic unit of organization

All cells come from pre-existing cells

All living things are made of cells

What do modern cell theory additions include regarding hereditary units?

Cells carry and pass on hereditary units Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a unicellular organism?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest type of cell mentioned?

Mycoplasma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following shapes is a characteristic of certain plant cells?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What measurement unit is used to quantify cell size?

Micrometers Signup and view all the answers

What part of the microscope is used for concentrating light onto the specimen?

Condenser Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mirror is used for reflecting natural light in a microscope?

Concave mirror Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical magnification power of a standard eyepiece in a microscope?

10x Signup and view all the answers

Who coined the term 'cells' after observing cork under a microscope?

Robert Hooke Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is known for noticing 'Brownian motion' while studying pollen grains?

Robert Brown Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the iris diaphragm in a microscope?

Regulating light intensity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically a magnifying part of a microscope?

Stage Signup and view all the answers

Who concluded that all plants are made of cells?

Matthias Schleiden Signup and view all the answers

What type of microscope consists of a single biconvex lens?

Simple Microscope Signup and view all the answers

Who coined the term 'cell' in his publication Micrographia?

Robert Hooke Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist was known for discovering living cells through a single lens microscope?

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'microscopy' refer to?

The use of a microscope to investigate small objects Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant contribution made by Joseph Lister to microscopy?

Using multiple weak lenses to reduce spherical aberrations Signup and view all the answers

In which year did Hans and Zacharias Janssen place multiple lenses to enhance viewing?

1590 Signup and view all the answers

What type of image is formed by a simple microscope when viewing an object?

Erect and virtual Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist introduced a mathematical formula correlating resolving power to the wavelength of light?

Ernst Abbe Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate total magnification of a microscope?

Ocular Lens X Objective Lens Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following parts of a light microscope is responsible for holding the objectives?

Revolving Nosepiece Signup and view all the answers

What does resolution refer to in the context of microscopy?

Ability to show detail Signup and view all the answers

Which lens of a common compound microscope typically magnifies forty times?

Highest power lens Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stage in a light microscope?

To hold the specimen in place Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the mechanical parts of a microscope?

Revolving Nosepiece Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the stage clip in a microscope?

To hold the slide in place Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the microscope connects the base and body tube together?

Arm Signup and view all the answers

Who designed and built the first transmission electron microscope?

Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll Signup and view all the answers

What was the main innovation introduced by Frits Zernike in 1932?

Contrast illumination for transparent samples Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner developed in 1972?

It generates cross-sectional views and 3D images of internal structures. Signup and view all the answers

Which invention allowed for imaging objects smaller than 0.2 micrometers?

Super resolution microscopy Signup and view all the answers

What did Ernst Ruska achieve in 1986 related to microscopy?

He won the Nobel Prize for his contributions to microscopy. Signup and view all the answers

What does the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) allow scientists to visualize?

Individual atoms within materials Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the first practical confocal laser scanning microscope developed?

1978 Signup and view all the answers

What advancement did researchers at UCLA make in 2010?

Used cryoelectron microscopy to visualize virus atoms. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Microscope Functionality and Types

Microscopes magnify objects that are invisible to the naked eye, enabling detailed investigation.
Two primary types of microscopes: Simple Microscope (one biconvex lens) and Compound Microscope (uses multiple lenses).
Simple microscope produces erect, virtual images; commonly known as magnifying glass.

Historical Development of the Microscope

1590: Hans and Zacharias Janssen created a rudimentary compound microscope.
1609: Galileo Galilei improved microscope design with convex and concave lenses.
1665: Robert Hooke coined the term "cell" in his work Micrographia, observing plant cells.
1676: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek first viewed live cells and microbes using his single-lens microscope.
1830: Joseph Lister improved magnification quality by minimizing spherical aberrations.
1931: Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll developed the first transmission electron microscope (TEM).
1972: CAT scanner created by Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan Cornack for 3D imaging.
1981: Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented, allowing visualization of individual atoms.
2014: Nobel Prize awarded for super-resolution microscopy that exceeds 0.2 micrometers.

Total Magnification

Calculated by multiplying the ocular lens magnification with the objective lens magnification (e.g., 10x ocular x 10x objective = 100x total magnification).
Low power lens (10x) and high power lens (40x) are commonly used in compound microscopes.
Resolution ensures clear details; contrast relates to the background darkness against the specimen.

Parts of a Light Microscope

Mechanical Parts: Provide support and enable adjustments; includes body tube, revolving nosepiece, arm, stage, stage clip, base, and inclination joint.
Illuminating Parts: Includes mirrors (concave for natural light, planar for artificial light), condenser (focuses light on specimen), and iris diaphragm (regulates light amount).
Magnifying Parts: Eye piece (usually 10x) and objectives ranging from 4x to 100x magnification.

Cell Theory Development

1665: Robert Hooke observed cells in cork, leading to the term "cell".
1838: Matthias Schleiden concluded all plants consist of cells.
1839: Theodor Schwann asserted all animals are made of cells.
1855: Rudolf Virchow declared "Omnis cellula e cellula," signifying all cells stem from pre-existing cells.
Cell theory foundational principles established by Schwann, Schleiden, and Virchow outline that cells are the basic unit of life, organization, and originate from other cells.

Cell Types and Characteristics

Unicellular Organisms: Comprised of a single cell (e.g., bacteria and amoeba).
Multicellular Organisms: Consist of multiple cells (e.g., plants and animals).

Cell Size and Shape

Cells range in size, measured in micrometers; Mycoplasma is the smallest, while ostrich eggs represent the largest known cells.
Various shapes exist depending on the organism, including spherical, oval, polygonal, elliptical, and cuboidal forms.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the functions and parts of a microscope. It aims to help students identify and label microscope components while also understanding how to properly use the instrument for viewing slides and calculating magnification. Perfect for students studying microscopy.