Microscope Functions and Usage
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Questions and Answers

Who concluded that all animals are made of cells?

  • Theodor Schwann (correct)
  • Matthias Schleiden
  • Robert Hooke
  • Rudolph Virchow
  • What is the basic tenet underlying the field of biology?

  • Theory of relativity
  • Quantum theory
  • Cell theory (correct)
  • Theory of evolution
  • Which statement is NOT a part of classical cell theory?

  • Cells arise from spontaneous generation (correct)
  • Cells are the basic unit of organization
  • All cells come from pre-existing cells
  • All living things are made of cells
  • What do modern cell theory additions include regarding hereditary units?

    <p>Cells carry and pass on hereditary units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a unicellular organism?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest type of cell mentioned?

    <p>Mycoplasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following shapes is a characteristic of certain plant cells?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measurement unit is used to quantify cell size?

    <p>Micrometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the microscope is used for concentrating light onto the specimen?

    <p>Condenser</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mirror is used for reflecting natural light in a microscope?

    <p>Concave mirror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical magnification power of a standard eyepiece in a microscope?

    <p>10x</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who coined the term 'cells' after observing cork under a microscope?

    <p>Robert Hooke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist is known for noticing 'Brownian motion' while studying pollen grains?

    <p>Robert Brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the iris diaphragm in a microscope?

    <p>Regulating light intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically a magnifying part of a microscope?

    <p>Stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who concluded that all plants are made of cells?

    <p>Matthias Schleiden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microscope consists of a single biconvex lens?

    <p>Simple Microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who coined the term 'cell' in his publication Micrographia?

    <p>Robert Hooke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist was known for discovering living cells through a single lens microscope?

    <p>Antonie van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'microscopy' refer to?

    <p>The use of a microscope to investigate small objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant contribution made by Joseph Lister to microscopy?

    <p>Using multiple weak lenses to reduce spherical aberrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did Hans and Zacharias Janssen place multiple lenses to enhance viewing?

    <p>1590</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of image is formed by a simple microscope when viewing an object?

    <p>Erect and virtual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist introduced a mathematical formula correlating resolving power to the wavelength of light?

    <p>Ernst Abbe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate total magnification of a microscope?

    <p>Ocular Lens X Objective Lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following parts of a light microscope is responsible for holding the objectives?

    <p>Revolving Nosepiece</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does resolution refer to in the context of microscopy?

    <p>Ability to show detail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lens of a common compound microscope typically magnifies forty times?

    <p>Highest power lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the stage in a light microscope?

    <p>To hold the specimen in place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the mechanical parts of a microscope?

    <p>Revolving Nosepiece</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the stage clip in a microscope?

    <p>To hold the slide in place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the microscope connects the base and body tube together?

    <p>Arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who designed and built the first transmission electron microscope?

    <p>Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main innovation introduced by Frits Zernike in 1932?

    <p>Contrast illumination for transparent samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner developed in 1972?

    <p>It generates cross-sectional views and 3D images of internal structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which invention allowed for imaging objects smaller than 0.2 micrometers?

    <p>Super resolution microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Ernst Ruska achieve in 1986 related to microscopy?

    <p>He won the Nobel Prize for his contributions to microscopy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) allow scientists to visualize?

    <p>Individual atoms within materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the first practical confocal laser scanning microscope developed?

    <p>1978</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advancement did researchers at UCLA make in 2010?

    <p>Used cryoelectron microscopy to visualize virus atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Microscope Functionality and Types

    • Microscopes magnify objects that are invisible to the naked eye, enabling detailed investigation.
    • Two primary types of microscopes: Simple Microscope (one biconvex lens) and Compound Microscope (uses multiple lenses).
    • Simple microscope produces erect, virtual images; commonly known as magnifying glass.

    Historical Development of the Microscope

    • 1590: Hans and Zacharias Janssen created a rudimentary compound microscope.
    • 1609: Galileo Galilei improved microscope design with convex and concave lenses.
    • 1665: Robert Hooke coined the term "cell" in his work Micrographia, observing plant cells.
    • 1676: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek first viewed live cells and microbes using his single-lens microscope.
    • 1830: Joseph Lister improved magnification quality by minimizing spherical aberrations.
    • 1931: Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll developed the first transmission electron microscope (TEM).
    • 1972: CAT scanner created by Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan Cornack for 3D imaging.
    • 1981: Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented, allowing visualization of individual atoms.
    • 2014: Nobel Prize awarded for super-resolution microscopy that exceeds 0.2 micrometers.

    Total Magnification

    • Calculated by multiplying the ocular lens magnification with the objective lens magnification (e.g., 10x ocular x 10x objective = 100x total magnification).
    • Low power lens (10x) and high power lens (40x) are commonly used in compound microscopes.
    • Resolution ensures clear details; contrast relates to the background darkness against the specimen.

    Parts of a Light Microscope

    • Mechanical Parts: Provide support and enable adjustments; includes body tube, revolving nosepiece, arm, stage, stage clip, base, and inclination joint.
    • Illuminating Parts: Includes mirrors (concave for natural light, planar for artificial light), condenser (focuses light on specimen), and iris diaphragm (regulates light amount).
    • Magnifying Parts: Eye piece (usually 10x) and objectives ranging from 4x to 100x magnification.

    Cell Theory Development

    • 1665: Robert Hooke observed cells in cork, leading to the term "cell".
    • 1838: Matthias Schleiden concluded all plants consist of cells.
    • 1839: Theodor Schwann asserted all animals are made of cells.
    • 1855: Rudolf Virchow declared "Omnis cellula e cellula," signifying all cells stem from pre-existing cells.
    • Cell theory foundational principles established by Schwann, Schleiden, and Virchow outline that cells are the basic unit of life, organization, and originate from other cells.

    Cell Types and Characteristics

    • Unicellular Organisms: Comprised of a single cell (e.g., bacteria and amoeba).
    • Multicellular Organisms: Consist of multiple cells (e.g., plants and animals).

    Cell Size and Shape

    • Cells range in size, measured in micrometers; Mycoplasma is the smallest, while ostrich eggs represent the largest known cells.
    • Various shapes exist depending on the organism, including spherical, oval, polygonal, elliptical, and cuboidal forms.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on the functions and parts of a microscope. It aims to help students identify and label microscope components while also understanding how to properly use the instrument for viewing slides and calculating magnification. Perfect for students studying microscopy.

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