Questions and Answers
Who concluded that all animals are made of cells?
What is the basic tenet underlying the field of biology?
Which statement is NOT a part of classical cell theory?
What do modern cell theory additions include regarding hereditary units?
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Which of the following is an example of a unicellular organism?
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What is the smallest type of cell mentioned?
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Which of the following shapes is a characteristic of certain plant cells?
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What measurement unit is used to quantify cell size?
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What part of the microscope is used for concentrating light onto the specimen?
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Which type of mirror is used for reflecting natural light in a microscope?
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What is the typical magnification power of a standard eyepiece in a microscope?
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Who coined the term 'cells' after observing cork under a microscope?
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Which scientist is known for noticing 'Brownian motion' while studying pollen grains?
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What is the function of the iris diaphragm in a microscope?
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Which of the following is NOT typically a magnifying part of a microscope?
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Who concluded that all plants are made of cells?
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What type of microscope consists of a single biconvex lens?
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Who coined the term 'cell' in his publication Micrographia?
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Which scientist was known for discovering living cells through a single lens microscope?
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What does the term 'microscopy' refer to?
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What was a significant contribution made by Joseph Lister to microscopy?
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In which year did Hans and Zacharias Janssen place multiple lenses to enhance viewing?
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What type of image is formed by a simple microscope when viewing an object?
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Which scientist introduced a mathematical formula correlating resolving power to the wavelength of light?
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What is the formula used to calculate total magnification of a microscope?
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Which of the following parts of a light microscope is responsible for holding the objectives?
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What does resolution refer to in the context of microscopy?
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Which lens of a common compound microscope typically magnifies forty times?
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What is the primary function of the stage in a light microscope?
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What is included in the mechanical parts of a microscope?
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What is the function of the stage clip in a microscope?
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Which part of the microscope connects the base and body tube together?
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Who designed and built the first transmission electron microscope?
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What was the main innovation introduced by Frits Zernike in 1932?
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What is the significance of the computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner developed in 1972?
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Which invention allowed for imaging objects smaller than 0.2 micrometers?
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What did Ernst Ruska achieve in 1986 related to microscopy?
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What does the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) allow scientists to visualize?
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In what year was the first practical confocal laser scanning microscope developed?
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What advancement did researchers at UCLA make in 2010?
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Study Notes
Microscope Functionality and Types
- Microscopes magnify objects that are invisible to the naked eye, enabling detailed investigation.
- Two primary types of microscopes: Simple Microscope (one biconvex lens) and Compound Microscope (uses multiple lenses).
- Simple microscope produces erect, virtual images; commonly known as magnifying glass.
Historical Development of the Microscope
- 1590: Hans and Zacharias Janssen created a rudimentary compound microscope.
- 1609: Galileo Galilei improved microscope design with convex and concave lenses.
- 1665: Robert Hooke coined the term "cell" in his work Micrographia, observing plant cells.
- 1676: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek first viewed live cells and microbes using his single-lens microscope.
- 1830: Joseph Lister improved magnification quality by minimizing spherical aberrations.
- 1931: Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll developed the first transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- 1972: CAT scanner created by Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan Cornack for 3D imaging.
- 1981: Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented, allowing visualization of individual atoms.
- 2014: Nobel Prize awarded for super-resolution microscopy that exceeds 0.2 micrometers.
Total Magnification
- Calculated by multiplying the ocular lens magnification with the objective lens magnification (e.g., 10x ocular x 10x objective = 100x total magnification).
- Low power lens (10x) and high power lens (40x) are commonly used in compound microscopes.
- Resolution ensures clear details; contrast relates to the background darkness against the specimen.
Parts of a Light Microscope
- Mechanical Parts: Provide support and enable adjustments; includes body tube, revolving nosepiece, arm, stage, stage clip, base, and inclination joint.
- Illuminating Parts: Includes mirrors (concave for natural light, planar for artificial light), condenser (focuses light on specimen), and iris diaphragm (regulates light amount).
- Magnifying Parts: Eye piece (usually 10x) and objectives ranging from 4x to 100x magnification.
Cell Theory Development
- 1665: Robert Hooke observed cells in cork, leading to the term "cell".
- 1838: Matthias Schleiden concluded all plants consist of cells.
- 1839: Theodor Schwann asserted all animals are made of cells.
- 1855: Rudolf Virchow declared "Omnis cellula e cellula," signifying all cells stem from pre-existing cells.
- Cell theory foundational principles established by Schwann, Schleiden, and Virchow outline that cells are the basic unit of life, organization, and originate from other cells.
Cell Types and Characteristics
- Unicellular Organisms: Comprised of a single cell (e.g., bacteria and amoeba).
- Multicellular Organisms: Consist of multiple cells (e.g., plants and animals).
Cell Size and Shape
- Cells range in size, measured in micrometers; Mycoplasma is the smallest, while ostrich eggs represent the largest known cells.
- Various shapes exist depending on the organism, including spherical, oval, polygonal, elliptical, and cuboidal forms.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the functions and parts of a microscope. It aims to help students identify and label microscope components while also understanding how to properly use the instrument for viewing slides and calculating magnification. Perfect for students studying microscopy.
