Microprocessor Fundamentals (DERS 2223)
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What is the range of memory space for the 8085 microprocessor?

  • 0000 to 12FF
  • 0000 to 1FFF
  • 0000 to FFFFF
  • 0000 to FFFF (correct)

    • Which lines are referred to as high-order address lines in the 8085 microprocessor?

  • A0 – A7
  • AD7 – AD0
  • A15 – A8 (correct)
  • A14 – A10

    • What is the purpose of the ALE signal in the context of the 8085 microprocessor?

  • To transfer data to the memory
  • To control the data flow direction
  • To verify I/O operations
  • To determine address line content (correct)

    • How many address lines are required for an 8 Kbytes memory chip?

    <p>13 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the data bus of the 8085?

    <p>It is 8 bits wide and serves both as a data bus and low-order address lines. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which clock cycle do the low-order address lines AD7 – AD0 first bring memory addresses?

    <p>First clock cycle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lines are AD7 – AD0 classified as in the 8085 microprocessor?

    <p>Bidirectional address/data lines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'multiplexing the bus' refer to in the context of the 8085 microprocessor?

    <p>Transmitting data and addresses over the same lines. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pins does the 8085 microprocessor chip have?

    <p>40 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the width of the address bus in the 8085 microprocessor?

    <p>16 bits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many memory locations can the 8085 microprocessor access?

    <p>65,536 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category does the 'SID' pin belong to?

    <p>Serial I/O ports (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the 'RST IN' pin on the 8085 microprocessor?

    <p>Reset input signal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pin indicates the Ready signal on the 8085 microprocessor?

    <p>READY (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the pins of the 8085 microprocessor categorized?

    <p>Six categories (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pins is part of the data bus for the 8085?

    <p>AD0 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of RAM in a computer system?

    <p>Allows read and write operations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes ROM?

    <p>It stores data permanently and cannot be easily written to (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between RAM and ROM?

    <p>RAM is volatile, while ROM is non-volatile (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of devices are classified as input devices?

    <p>Keyboard and mouse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of the 8085 microprocessor?

    <p>It is an 8-bit microprocessor with 16-bit address width (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason for choosing 8085 microprocessor for study?

    <p>It is widely used and easy to understand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is responsible for permanent data storage in a computer system?

    <p>ROM (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the memory capacity that the 8085 microprocessor can address?

    <p>64kB (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum value that can be represented on the data bus of the 8085 microprocessor?

    <p>255 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which signal indicates that data is available on the data bus for reading?

    <p>RD* (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the IO/M* signal differentiate between?

    <p>I/O and memory operations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ALE stand for in the context of the 8085 microprocessor?

    <p>Address Latch Enable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What power supply voltage is required for the 8085 microprocessor?

    <p>+5 V (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component should be connected to the X1 and X2 pins to set the operating frequency of the 8085 microprocessor?

    <p>Crystal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the frequency of the crystal relate to the operational frequency of the 8085 microprocessor?

    <p>It operates at half the frequency of the crystal. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the control and status bus in the 8085 microprocessor?

    <p>To identify the nature of operation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) in the 8085 microprocessor?

    <p>Perform arithmetic and logical operations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following operations can the ALU NOT perform?

    <p>Storing data in permanent memory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the temporary register play within the ALU?

    <p>It holds data temporarily during arithmetic and logic operations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is NOT part of the main components of the 8085 microprocessor?

    <p>Memory Management Unit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function does the Timing and Control Unit NOT perform in the 8085 microprocessor?

    <p>Performing arithmetic calculations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the accumulator in the ALU store?

    <p>Results of arithmetic or logic operations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a feature of the Instruction Register & Decoder in the 8085 microprocessor?

    <p>Interprets and decodes the instruction for execution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the 8085 microprocessor handle interruptions from external devices?

    <p>Via the Interrupt Control component (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the accumulator in the 8085 microprocessor?

    <p>To perform arithmetic and logic operations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which register acts as a memory pointer in the 8085 architecture?

    <p>Stack pointer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the program counter (PC) in the 8085 microprocessor?

    <p>To point to the next memory address for instruction fetching (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a general-purpose register in the 8085 microprocessor?

    <p>SP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many 8-bit general-purpose registers does the 8085 microprocessor have?

    <p>6 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of operations can be performed using the pair HL in the 8085 microprocessor?

    <p>Memory pointing operations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What operation principle does the stack pointer (SP) utilize when managing addresses?

    <p>Last In First Out (LIFO) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which register is specifically used to store the addresses of instructions during their fetching from memory?

    <p>Program counter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Microprocessor Fundamentals

    • DERS 2223 course covers Electronic and Microprocessor Fundamentals.
    • The course is for Week 13-15.
    • Micro-computer, Microprocessor, and Microcontroller are part of Micro-X.

    Important Micro-X

    • Microprocessor:
      • A multipurpose, programmable, clock-driven device.
      • Register-based.
      • Communicates between components via system bus.
      • Reads binary instructions from memory.
      • Accepts binary data as input and processes according to instructions.
      • Provides results as output.
    • Microcontroller:
      • A microcomputer built on a single chip.
      • Includes a microprocessor, memory, input/output (I/O) devices, and additional peripherals such as A/D converters.
    • Microcomputer:
      • A programmable machine.
      • Made up of a microprocessor, memory, and input/output (I/O) devices.
      • Components work together to perform tasks.
      • Communicates between components via a system bus.
      • Example includes the IBM PC model 5150 (1981).
      • Modern microcomputers include: Personal Computers, Workstations, Single Boards, and Microcontrollers.

    Microprocessor

    • A microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable, clock-driven, register-based electronic device.
    • It reads binary instructions from memory, accepts binary data as input, and processes data according to instructions.
    • It provides results as output and is essential in microcomputer systems.
    • Examples of microprocessor chips include Intel and AMD processors.

    Microprocessor Architecture

    • The microprocessor is comprised of an ALU, register array, and control unit.
    • ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit):
      • Performs arithmetic and logical operations (e.g., addition, subtraction, AND, OR, XOR).
    • Register Array:
      • Contains fast memory elements (registers) to store data during program execution.
      • Some registers are general-purpose (programmers can use them for any purpose).
      • Others are specific-purpose (used for tasks like flag indicators).
    • Control Unit:
      • Controls operations and timing signals in the microprocessor.
      • Controls communications with the outside world.
      • Contains control lines for ALU, register, memory, and I/O functions.
      • Manages timing signals (e.g., clock signals) to synchronize operations.
      • Processes interrupts and power-up processes.

    Memory

    • Essential component of a microprocessor system.
    • Stores instructions and data for the microprocessor.
    • Classified into two types:
      • Prime/Main Memory: Includes RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read-Only Memory).
      • Storage Memory: Includes magnetic tape and disks.

    RAM (Random Access Memory)

    • Random Access Memory.
    • Made of registers.
    • Each register has flip-flops/latches to store bits of information (memory cells).
    • Volatile; data is lost when power is off.

    ROM (Read-Only Memory)

    • Read-Only Memory.
    • Stores information permanently (diodes).
    • Non-volatile.
    • Can only be read, not written to.

    I/O Devices

    • Input/Output Devices are part of the system that allow communication with the outside world.
    • Peripherals (collectively).
    • Input devices transfer binary information from the outside world to the microprocessor.
    • Example: Keyboard, mouse, bar code reader, scanner.
    • Output devices transfer binary information from the microprocessor to the outside world.
    • Example: LED, monitor, printer, speaker.

    Introduction to Intel 8085 Microprocessor Hardware

    • The 8085 was introduced in March 1976.
    • An 8-bit microprocessor; capable of addressing 64 KB of memory.
    • Contains 40 pins and 6500 transistors.
    • Operates at a 3 MHz frequency.
    • The 8085A was chosen to provide a simpler architecture for students learning microprocessor concepts.

    8085 Microprocessor - Buses

    • Address Bus (16 pins):

      • Used to transfer data to a specific location in memory or I/O devices/peripherals.
      • 16 signal lines (pins), allowing 2^16 memory locations, from 0000 to FFFF (64KB).
      • Divided into two segments (A15-A8 high-order address and AD0-AD7 low-order address) to verify memory address or I/O during one data transfer cycle.

    • Data Bus (8 pins - multiplexed with low-order address bus):

      • 8 bidirectional signal lines used for data transfer.
      • Data flows between the microprocessor and memory or peripheral devices.
      • Multiplexed, combining functions for both address and data signals - optimized for efficient use of pins.

    • Control & Status Bus (6 pins):

      • Used to manage overall control and synchronization of the system.
      • Provides signals for specifying operations, such as read and write, I/O or memory operation status, or acknowledgement of external requests. (RD*, WR*, IO/M*, S1, S0, ALE).

    • Power Supply & Frequency Signals:

      • Vcc is +5V power supply.
      • Vss is ground reference.
      • X1 and X2 are pins for connection to the crystal, which are used in the system clock generation.

    • Externally Initiated & Acknowledgement Signals (11 pins):

      • Provides interrupt signals, allowing external devices to interrupt the program. (e.g., INTR, RST 7.5, RST 6.5, RST 5.5, TRAP).

    8085 Microprocessor - Internal Diagram

    • Consists of 6 main components:
      • ALU
      • Timing and Control Unit
      • Instruction Register and Decoder
      • Register Array
      • Interrupt Control
      • Serial I/O Control

    8085 Microprocessor - ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)

    • Performs various arithmetic and logical operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and logical operations like AND, OR, XOR)
    • Includes an accumulator, temporary register(s), and status register (containing flag flip-flops) which are used during and after an ALU operation for handling data conditions and program flows.

    Additional Notes:

    • Microprocessor architecture determines the allowed operations within each block.
    • The pages contain detailed information and diagrams of the 8085 microprocessor and its functionalities.

    Appendix:

    • Several tables provide detailed information on flags, registers (various types with functions stated), and the details of each BUS within the microprocessor.

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    Related Documents

    Introduction To Intel 8085 Microprocessor Hardware PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts from the Electronic and Microprocessor Fundamentals course, specifically for Weeks 13-15. It delves into the basic principles of microprocessors, microcontrollers, and microcomputers, including their structure and functionality. Test your understanding of how these devices operate and communicate.

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