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Questions and Answers
What significant feature is associated with the MCS650X series introduced by MOS Technology?
What significant feature is associated with the MCS650X series introduced by MOS Technology?
Which one-chip microcomputer has onboard memory of 1kbyte ROM and 64bytes of RAM?
Which one-chip microcomputer has onboard memory of 1kbyte ROM and 64bytes of RAM?
Which microprocessor family is noted for utilizing a 64-bit data bus along with 32-bit data registers?
Which microprocessor family is noted for utilizing a 64-bit data bus along with 32-bit data registers?
What functionality does the Z8 introduced by Zilog provide regarding memory access?
What functionality does the Z8 introduced by Zilog provide regarding memory access?
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Which microprocessor is characterized by being a real 16-bit device yet having an 8-bit external data bus?
Which microprocessor is characterized by being a real 16-bit device yet having an 8-bit external data bus?
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What is the main function of the program counter in a microprocessor?
What is the main function of the program counter in a microprocessor?
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What is the term used to refer to a stack pointer?
What is the term used to refer to a stack pointer?
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Which byte in an instruction typically contains the operation code?
Which byte in an instruction typically contains the operation code?
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What does the assembler do?
What does the assembler do?
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What happens in the instruction decoder during execution?
What happens in the instruction decoder during execution?
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What is the result of a syntax error in assembly coding?
What is the result of a syntax error in assembly coding?
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Which register's contents are copied into the ALU for an addition operation in the described sequence?
Which register's contents are copied into the ALU for an addition operation in the described sequence?
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In the provided example, which number is copied to the ALU for adding to the value in the accumulator?
In the provided example, which number is copied to the ALU for adding to the value in the accumulator?
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What is the purpose of the accumulator in a microprocessor?
What is the purpose of the accumulator in a microprocessor?
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What distinguishes the Z80180 from the Z80 microprocessor?
What distinguishes the Z80180 from the Z80 microprocessor?
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What is the role of the Flag Register in a microprocessor?
What is the role of the Flag Register in a microprocessor?
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Which component of the microprocessor is responsible for carrying out program instructions?
Which component of the microprocessor is responsible for carrying out program instructions?
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What is the function of the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) in a microprocessor?
What is the function of the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) in a microprocessor?
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How is the 'Sign Flag' indicated within the microprocessor?
How is the 'Sign Flag' indicated within the microprocessor?
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Which of the following is NOT a feature of the microprocessor’s Flag Register?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the microprocessor’s Flag Register?
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What does it mean when a flag is said to be 'set' in the microprocessor?
What does it mean when a flag is said to be 'set' in the microprocessor?
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What does a zero result indicate about the Zero flag (Z)?
What does a zero result indicate about the Zero flag (Z)?
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Which flag indicates whether the last arithmetic instruction was an addition or subtraction?
Which flag indicates whether the last arithmetic instruction was an addition or subtraction?
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In the context of the Carry flag (C), what does it copy from bit 7?
In the context of the Carry flag (C), what does it copy from bit 7?
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What condition causes the Parity/Overflow flag (P/V) to be set?
What condition causes the Parity/Overflow flag (P/V) to be set?
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What does the Half-carry flag (H) record during addition?
What does the Half-carry flag (H) record during addition?
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Which of the following registers may be used in assembly language?
Which of the following registers may be used in assembly language?
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What does the instruction 'LD B 25H' accomplish?
What does the instruction 'LD B 25H' accomplish?
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What is the primary function of the Program Counter (PC)?
What is the primary function of the Program Counter (PC)?
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What value does the Add/Subtract flag (N) hold for an addition operation?
What value does the Add/Subtract flag (N) hold for an addition operation?
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What is a label in programming terms?
What is a label in programming terms?
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Which statement describes the primary purpose of assembly language?
Which statement describes the primary purpose of assembly language?
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What does the magnitude number system use to indicate a negative number?
What does the magnitude number system use to indicate a negative number?
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What must be done to ensure a comment is ignored by the assembler?
What must be done to ensure a comment is ignored by the assembler?
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Which of the following methods can be used to make a microprocessor operate faster?
Which of the following methods can be used to make a microprocessor operate faster?
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What does power dissipation relate to in the context of a microprocessor?
What does power dissipation relate to in the context of a microprocessor?
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What is pipelining in computer architecture?
What is pipelining in computer architecture?
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What does MIPS stand for in the context of microprocessor speed measurement?
What does MIPS stand for in the context of microprocessor speed measurement?
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How is the speed of a microprocessor calculated using clock cycles?
How is the speed of a microprocessor calculated using clock cycles?
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What is the primary purpose of benchmarks in measuring microprocessor performance?
What is the primary purpose of benchmarks in measuring microprocessor performance?
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Which statement accurately describes what TPS measures?
Which statement accurately describes what TPS measures?
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In the context of microprocessors, what does SPECmark evaluate?
In the context of microprocessors, what does SPECmark evaluate?
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Which microprocessor is known for having a 16-bit address bus with an 8-bit data register?
Which microprocessor is known for having a 16-bit address bus with an 8-bit data register?
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What advancements did the 8080A processor introduce?
What advancements did the 8080A processor introduce?
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Why are floating-point operations significant in microprocessor performance?
Why are floating-point operations significant in microprocessor performance?
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Study Notes
Microprocessor Basics
- A microprocessor is a modern version of an older design, like the Z80.
- The Z80 was improved from the Intel 8080.
- Microprocessors are grouped into families, sharing similar characteristics and compatibility.
- The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the core of a microprocessor.
CPU Components
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Accumulator: An 8-bit register used for arithmetic and logic operations.
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Flags Register: A register storing status flags (set or cleared) related to operations, like the sign flag (indicating positive or negative) and the zero flag (indicating a zero result).
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Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs arithmetic and logical operations.
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Registers: Other registers for temporary storage and specific functions.
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Flags: Registers that help track certain processing actions.
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Instruction Register: Stores the instruction the CPU is currently processing.
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Instruction Decoder: Decodes the instruction and sends signals to the other components.
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General Purpose Registers: Used by the user for storing temporary data or results.
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Special Purpose Registers: Optimized for specific tasks (e.g., counter, stack pointer).
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Instruction Decoder: The part of the processor that figures out what actions to take based on instructions it gathers from the instruction registers.
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Arithmetic Logic Unit: Does calculations.
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Control Bus: Connects the CPU to other components.
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Address Bus: Carries the address of memory location needed by the processor to access data.
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Data Bus: For transferring the data between the processor and other memory components.
CPU Register Banks (Specific)
- General Purpose Registers (GR): Used for a wide range of temporary data storage.
- Alternate register set GR': Back-up registers.
Instruction Sets
- Instructions: Microprocessor commands or tasks.
- Add/Subtract Flag (N): Tells if the last operation was an add or subtract.
- Carry Flag (C): Holds the result of a carry-out from the most significant bit in an arithmetic operation.
- Half-Carry Flag (H): Stores the result of a carry from bit 3 to bit 4 in an addition.
- Parity/Overflow Flag (P/V): Tracks the count of 1's in a byte; useful for arithmetic operations.
- Program Counter (PC): Stores the address of the next instruction to be executed.
- Stack Pointer (SP): Stores the address of the top of the stack (a temporary data storage area).
Programming Microprocessors
- Machine Code: Raw binary instructions understood by the microprocessor.
- Assembly Code: Symbolic representation of machine code (easier for humans to understand).
- Assembler: Translates assembly language to machine code.
Microprocessor Performance Measurement
- MIPS (Millions of Instructions Per Second): Measures the speed based on the number of instructions processed per second.
- FLOPS (Floating-point Operations Per Second): Measures how many floating-point operations per second can be performed.
- Clock Speed (Frequency): How fast the internal timing mechanism is operating.
- Bus Width (Data Bus): The amount of data that can be transmitted at once; wider is faster.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts related to microprocessors and their core components, including the Z80 and Intel 8080. You'll explore the functions of various CPU components like the accumulator, flags register, and arithmetic logic unit (ALU). Test your understanding of how these elements work together in modern computing.
