Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the maximum extended memory in a 80486 80386DX microprocessor?
What is the maximum extended memory in a 80486 80386DX microprocessor?
Which type of machines feature the addition of the PCI bus?
Which type of machines feature the addition of the PCI bus?
What is a common feature of VESA local (VL) bus?
What is a common feature of VESA local (VL) bus?
Which microprocessor is known to have a memory map of up to 64G?
Which microprocessor is known to have a memory map of up to 64G?
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What is the expected speed for serial ATA standard in the future?
What is the expected speed for serial ATA standard in the future?
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What is the bus speed specifically designed for the PCI bus?
What is the bus speed specifically designed for the PCI bus?
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Which machine typically uses a larger memory map according to the text?
Which machine typically uses a larger memory map according to the text?
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What does the transient program area (TPA) hold?
What does the transient program area (TPA) hold?
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Which type of bus do PCI Express video cards operate on?
Which type of bus do PCI Express video cards operate on?
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How much memory does the transient program area (TPA) have?
How much memory does the transient program area (TPA) have?
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What does the DOS memory map show?
What does the DOS memory map show?
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Which Intel processors are mentioned in the text?
Which Intel processors are mentioned in the text?
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Which part of the main memory system is often referred to as the real or conventional memory system?
Which part of the main memory system is often referred to as the real or conventional memory system?
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What determines the existence of an extended memory system in a main memory system?
What determines the existence of an extended memory system in a main memory system?
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Which microprocessor was designed to function in the first 1M byte of memory using real mode operation?
Which microprocessor was designed to function in the first 1M byte of memory using real mode operation?
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What do the Intel microprocessors from 80286 through Core2 contain in terms of memory?
What do the Intel microprocessors from 80286 through Core2 contain in terms of memory?
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What are PS/1 and PS/2 by IBM examples of?
What are PS/1 and PS/2 by IBM examples of?
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What is another name for PS/2 micro-channel architecture or ISA system depending on the model number?
What is another name for PS/2 micro-channel architecture or ISA system depending on the model number?
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Which component is responsible for carrying the same type of information in a computer system?
Which component is responsible for carrying the same type of information in a computer system?
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What technology revolutionized the size and computing power of computers?
What technology revolutionized the size and computing power of computers?
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Which Intel processor is not mentioned in the text?
Which Intel processor is not mentioned in the text?
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What is the main function of a microprocessor in a computer system?
What is the main function of a microprocessor in a computer system?
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In the block diagram of a microprocessor-based computer system, what do the interconnected blocks represent?
In the block diagram of a microprocessor-based computer system, what do the interconnected blocks represent?
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What key feature do the Intel processors 8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286, 80386, and 80486 have in common?
What key feature do the Intel processors 8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286, 80386, and 80486 have in common?
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What type of programs are stored in the IO.SYS file?
What type of programs are stored in the IO.SYS file?
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Which extension is typically used for DOS drivers?
Which extension is typically used for DOS drivers?
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What is the purpose of the TPA (Transient Program Area)?
What is the purpose of the TPA (Transient Program Area)?
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What do installable drivers control or drive in a computer system?
What do installable drivers control or drive in a computer system?
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Which file typically links DOS to the system BIOS ROM programs?
Which file typically links DOS to the system BIOS ROM programs?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of drivers in relation to I/O devices?
Which of the following is NOT a function of drivers in relation to I/O devices?
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Study Notes
Memory and Microprocessors
- Maximum extended memory for 80486 and 80386DX microprocessors is 4 GB.
- Microprocessors like the Pentium series feature a memory map of up to 64 GB.
- The Intel microprocessors from 80286 to Core2 contain a memory map to support larger memory capacities.
Bus Architectures
- Machines with PCI bus additions typically include higher-performance desktops and workstations.
- PCI Express video cards operate on the PCI Express bus, which supports faster data transfer.
- The PCI bus operates at specific speeds, typically 33 MHz for 32-bit and 66 MHz for 64-bit versions.
Transient Program Area (TPA)
- The transient program area holds temporary programs and operating system components during execution.
- TPA typically spans the upper memory area of the first megabyte of memory, which is approximately 640 KB.
Memory Systems and Drivers
- Real or conventional memory refers to the first 640 KB of main memory in a DOS-based computer.
- The existence of an extended memory system depends on the system configuration, particularly the BIOS and hardware capabilities.
- Installable drivers control the communication between I/O devices and the operating system.
DOS and File Management
- The DOS memory map illustrates the allocation of memory for various system purposes, including conventional and extended memory.
- The IO.SYS file contains essential system routines for booting DOS.
- DOS drivers typically have the extension ".SYS", essential for device management.
Additional Information
- PS/1 and PS/2 by IBM are examples of personal computer systems.
- PS/2 architecture can also be known as micro-channel architecture, depending on the model.
- Key functions of drivers include managing device interactions and translating commands between the operating system and hardware.
- In a microprocessor-based system, interconnected blocks in the block diagram represent functional components working together within the system.
- The primary function of a microprocessor is to execute instructions and process data, serving as the computer's central processing unit.
Features and Speed
- A common feature of the VESA local bus is its ability to enhance video performance by allowing faster data transfer to the graphics card.
- Future expectations for the Serial ATA standard anticipate speeds of up to 16 Gbps.
- Intel processors from the 8086 to the 80486 share a common architecture but differ in capabilities and performance enhancements.
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Description
Learn about the evolution of computers from large machines to compact desktop systems powered by microprocessors like Intel 8086/8088, 80286, Pentium series, and Core2. Understand the architecture, programming, and interfacing of these processors.
