Micropipettes and Beer-Lambert Law Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the plunger in a micropipette?

To secure the tip holder

To display the volume settings

To eject the disposable tip

To draw up and release liquid (correct)

Which type of micropipette is best suited for transferring a single sample at a time?

Multi-Channel Micropipette

Single-Channel Micropipette (correct)

Fixed Volume Micropipette

Variable Volume Micropipette

Why is the tip ejector button important in the use of a micropipette?

It controls the aspirate speed

It secures the pipette tip

It prevents contamination (correct)

It adjusts the volume setting

What is the first step in using a micropipette after selecting the correct model?

Set the desired volume Signup and view all the answers

Which range of volumes is NOT typically associated with micropipettes?

10-50 µL Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the plunger is pressed to the second stop?

The liquid is completely expelled Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a variable volume micropipette from a fixed volume micropipette?

The range within which the volume can be adjusted Signup and view all the answers

Which step should be performed after attaching a sterile tip to a micropipette?

Set the desired volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the monochromator in a spectrophotometer?

To separate light into its component wavelengths Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in properly drawing blood?

Cleaning the site with water Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial for a phlebotomist to ensure the patient is well-hydrated before drawing blood?

To ensure better visibility of the veins Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the photodetector in a spectrophotometer?

To convert light signals into electrical signals Signup and view all the answers

What complication can arise from improperly performed blood sampling?

Tissue damage and infections Signup and view all the answers

Which piece of equipment is unnecessary for the blood collection process?

A microscope Signup and view all the answers

How should the tourniquet be applied during blood sampling?

Slightly above the venipuncture site Signup and view all the answers

What might be a consequence of not allowing the alcohol swab to air dry before performing venipuncture?

Infection of the venipuncture site Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular formula of glucose?

C6H12O6 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with hypoglycemia?

Increased thirst Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the concentration of a solution increases in relation to % transmittance?

It decreases. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of hyperglycemia?

Insufficient insulin intake Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between absorbance and concentration according to the Beer Lambert Law?

Absorbance is directly proportional to concentration. Signup and view all the answers

Which mathematical relationship is defined within the Beer Lambert Law?

A = a b c Signup and view all the answers

Diabetes mellitus is categorized into which of the following types?

Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetes Signup and view all the answers

What factor must be controlled to ensure accuracy when using a micropipette?

The presence of air bubbles in the tip. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these blood tests requires fasting for eight hours prior to testing?

Fasting blood glucose Signup and view all the answers

In the context of using a spectrophotometer, which of the following correctly characterizes % transmittance?

% transmittance represents the proportion of light reaching the detector. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glucose in living organisms?

It serves as a primary energy source. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of hypoglycemia?

Too much exercise Signup and view all the answers

Which step is not part of the micropipette liquid dispensing process?

Ensuring the plunger is completely pressed down. Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of touching the tip of a micropipette to surfaces during dispensing?

It causes liquid to adhere and affect accuracy. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about glucose is accurate?

Glucose can be absorbed directly through the intestines. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT included in the Beer Lambert Law equation?

Temperature (T) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary function of albumin in the blood?

Prevents blood from leaking out of vessels Signup and view all the answers

What are the normal fasting and random blood glucose levels?

70-110 mg/dl for fasting, 125 mg/dl for random Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure referred to as the 'tertiary structure' of a protein?

The overall three-dimensional shape of a single protein molecule Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can cause high globulin levels?

Multiple myeloma Signup and view all the answers

A poor diet may lead to which of the following conditions regarding albumin levels?

Decreased albumin levels Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is primarily responsible for transporting metals within the blood?

Alpha globulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of severe dehydration on albumin levels?

Increased albumin levels Signup and view all the answers

Which lab test would you use to measure the total protein in the blood?

Serum protein test Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Micropipettes

Essential laboratory tools for measuring and transferring small liquid volumes, typically in microliters
Components: Plunger, volume adjustment dial, tip ejector button, tip holder
Functional steps: Set volume, attach tip, aspirate liquid, dispense liquid, eject tip
Types: Single-channel, multi-channel, variable volume, fixed volume

Using a Micropipette

Select a micropipette with a volume range encompassing the desired volume
Set the desired volume using the plunger or adjustment dial
Securely attach a sterile tip
Submerge the tip into the liquid and press the plunger to the first stop to aspirate liquid
Avoid air bubbles
Position the tip over the target and press the plunger to the second stop to fully dispense the liquid
Avoid touching surfaces during dispensing
After dispensing, safely eject the tip

The Beer-Lambert Law

Relates the absorbance of a solution to the concentration of the dissolved substance
Absorbance is directly proportional to concentration
Equation: A = a b c
A: absorbance, a: molar absorptivity coefficient, b: light path through the solution, c: concentration

Spectrophotometer

Instrument used to measure transmitted light through a solution, allowing for the determination of the concentration of a light-absorbing substance
Components: Light source, monochromators, sample cell (cuvette), photodetectors, meter

Drawing Blood & Sampling

Requires proper training and knowledge to avoid complications such as infections and tissue damage
Blood samples are collected from blood vessels by trained personnel
Equipment: Tourniquet, alcohol swabs, gloves, needles, blood collection tubes, bandage
Steps: Prepare patient, gather supplies, apply tourniquet, locate a vein, clean the site, insert needle, collect blood, remove needle, apply pressure, secure the site

Glucose

Primary energy source for living organisms
A carbohydrate (monosaccharide), specifically a hexose with the formula C6H12O6
Also known as dextrose or grape sugar

Hypoglycemia

Low blood glucose level
Causes: Too much insulin, too much exercise, not enough food
Symptoms: Sweating, weakness, hunger, headache

Hyperglycemia

High blood glucose level, often associated with diabetes
Causes: Not taking enough insulin, illness, eating too much, certain medications
Symptoms: Blood glucose over 240 mg/dl, increased urine output, thirst, dry skin and mouth

Diabetes Mellitus

Group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia due to deficiencies in insulin secretion, action, or both
Types: Type 1 (IDDM), Type 2 (NIDDM), Gestational diabetes
Different glucose blood tests: Fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), random blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

Protein

Large biological macromolecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acid residues
Perform a vast array of functions within living organisms
Total serum protein test measures total protein, albumin, and globulin levels in blood

Albumin

Primarily produced in the liver
Helps maintain blood vessel integrity, transporting substances, and tissue growth and healing

Globulin

Composed of different proteins (alpha, beta, gamma)
Some produced by the liver, others by the immune system
Functions include binding with hemoglobin, transporting metals, and immune system activity

Protein Structure

Four levels: Primary (amino acid sequence), secondary (alpha helix, beta sheet, turns), tertiary (overall shape of a single protein molecule), quaternary (interaction of multiple polypeptide chains)

High Protein Levels

High albumin: Severe dehydration
High globulin: Diseases of the blood, autoimmune diseases, kidney disease, liver disease

Low Protein Levels

Low albumin: Poor diet (malnutrition), kidney disease, liver disease, autoimmune disease, uncontrolled diabetes, hyperthyroidism, heart failure

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Description

Test your knowledge on the use and functionality of micropipettes, essential tools in laboratory settings for liquid measurement and transfer. Additionally, explore the Beer-Lambert Law, which connects absorbance to the concentration of solutions. This quiz covers practical steps, types of micropipettes, and basic principles of the Beer-Lambert Law.