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Questions and Answers
What is the predominant mode of nutrition for protozoa in soil?
What is the predominant mode of nutrition for protozoa in soil?
Which type of microorganism is known to actively decompose cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin in plant tissues?
Which type of microorganism is known to actively decompose cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin in plant tissues?
What distinguishes the population of algae in soil from that of bacteria and fungi?
What distinguishes the population of algae in soil from that of bacteria and fungi?
Which term is used to describe the portion of soil adjacent to a plant's root system?
Which term is used to describe the portion of soil adjacent to a plant's root system?
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What is the primary type of microorganisms that tend to develop on the surfaces of aggregates in soil?
What is the primary type of microorganisms that tend to develop on the surfaces of aggregates in soil?
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In moist soils rich in organic matter, what is the range of protozoa population per gram of soil?
In moist soils rich in organic matter, what is the range of protozoa population per gram of soil?
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What is the term used to describe the ratio of bacteria from within the rhizosphere to the number of bacteria from outside?
What is the term used to describe the ratio of bacteria from within the rhizosphere to the number of bacteria from outside?
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Which enzyme is responsible for driving nitrogen fixation in microorganisms?
Which enzyme is responsible for driving nitrogen fixation in microorganisms?
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Which category of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms includes Azotobacter and Cyanobacteria?
Which category of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms includes Azotobacter and Cyanobacteria?
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What type of bacteria are Rhizobium bacteria in terms of their nutritional requirements?
What type of bacteria are Rhizobium bacteria in terms of their nutritional requirements?
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What is the primary function of Rhizobium bacteria in association with legumes?
What is the primary function of Rhizobium bacteria in association with legumes?
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Which type of microorganisms can incorporate atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia?
Which type of microorganisms can incorporate atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia?
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Which group of microorganisms is the most dominant in soil?
Which group of microorganisms is the most dominant in soil?
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What is a notable characteristic of actinomycetes in soil?
What is a notable characteristic of actinomycetes in soil?
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Which of the following groups of microorganisms can perform functions like decomposition of organic matter in soil?
Which of the following groups of microorganisms can perform functions like decomposition of organic matter in soil?
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What is a key function of many soil bacteria mentioned in the text?
What is a key function of many soil bacteria mentioned in the text?
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Which group of microorganisms has the ability to range from thousands to hundred thousands per gram of soil?
Which group of microorganisms has the ability to range from thousands to hundred thousands per gram of soil?
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What is the most predominant genera of actinomycetes present in the soil?
What is the most predominant genera of actinomycetes present in the soil?
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Study Notes
Soil Microorganisms
- Protozoa in soil primarily obtain nutrition through predation on bacteria and other small organisms.
- Fungi are the microorganisms known to actively decompose cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin in plant tissues.
- Algae in soil are distinguished from bacteria and fungi due to their ability to photosynthesize.
Rhizosphere and Plant-Microbe Interactions
- The term "rhizosphere" describes the portion of soil adjacent to a plant's root system.
- The primary type of microorganisms that develop on the surfaces of aggregates in soil are bacteria.
Protozoa in Soil
- In moist soils rich in organic matter, the protozoa population can range from 10^3 to 10^5 per gram of soil.
Nitrogen Fixation
- The term "rhizosphere effect" describes the ratio of bacteria from within the rhizosphere to the number of bacteria from outside.
- The enzyme responsible for driving nitrogen fixation in microorganisms is nitrogenase.
- Azotobacter and Cyanobacteria are examples of free-living nitrogen-fixing microorganisms.
- Rhizobium bacteria are heterotrophic and obligate symbionts in terms of their nutritional requirements.
- The primary function of Rhizobium bacteria in association with legumes is to convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia.
Nitrogen-Fixing Microorganisms
- Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, including Rhizobium and free-living bacteria, can incorporate atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia.
Soil Dominance and Characteristics
- Bacteria are the most dominant group of microorganisms in soil.
- Actinomycetes in soil are characterized by their ability to form branched mycelium and spores.
- Microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, perform functions like decomposition of organic matter in soil.
- Many soil bacteria have the ability to decompose organic matter.
- Actinomycetes can range from thousands to hundred thousands per gram of soil, making them a dominant group in soil.
- The most predominant genera of actinomycetes present in soil are Streptomyces.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the different microorganisms found in soil, including fungi, algae, and protozoa. Learn about their characteristics, roles in decomposing plant tissues, and their populations in soil.
