53 Questions
Which group of protists contains over 6,000 species with food storage in the form of oils and leucosin, and the presence of chlorophylls a and c and fucoxanthin?
Chrysophycophyta
Which subgroup of Chrysophycophyta has hard cell walls of pectin, cellulose, or silicon oxide that accumulate on the ocean bottom to form diatomite?
Diatoms
Which group of algae synthesizes starch for food storage and comprises diverse forms such as Chlamydomonas, Pandorina, and Volvox?
Chlorophycophyta
Which group of algae exists primarily in saltwater, has the same pigments as chrysophycophytes, and stores food as laminarin and mannitol?
Desmids
Which characteristic is unique to desmids among green algae?
Consist of two similar halves or semicells, usually separated by an isthmus
Which group of protists includes marine species with cellulose walls, bioluminescent properties, and two flagella?
Dinoflagellates
To which group does the majority of algae observed in ponds belong?
Chlorophycophyta
What is the most likely classification for unpigmented, moving microorganisms found in the pond water?
Protozoa
What is the probable classification for greenish or golden-brown organisms found in the pond water?
Algae
Which group of microorganisms is likely to appear blue-green in the pond water?
Cyanobacteria
Where should one refer for assistance in identifying organisms not described in the short text of the exercise?
Supplementary books on the laboratory bookshelf
What is the prime concern in the exercise related to the study of pond water microorganisms?
Protozoans, algae, and cyanobacteria
What determines the extent to which students will be held accountable for the names of various organisms encountered in the exercise?
The instructor
What is the purpose of the exercise related to the study of pond water microorganisms?
To become familiar with the differences between protozoans, algae, and cyanobacteria
Which of the following pigments are unique to cyanobacteria and red algae?
C-phycocyanin and c-phycoerythrin
Where are the pigments of cyanobacteria located?
In phycobilisomes attached to thylakoids
What is the cellular structure of cyanobacteria like?
Lacks visible nuclei but has nuclear material in the form of DNA granules
Which division in Domain Bacteria includes a large number of microorganisms that were at one time referred to as the blue-green algae?
Division Cyanobacteria
What type of bacteria utilize bacteriochlorophyll instead of chlorophyll a for photosynthesis?
Green nonsulfur bacteria
What is the main factor that differentiates cyanobacteria from green sulfur and green nonsulfur photosynthetic bacteria?
Pigment composition
In which Domain are the prokaryotes classified according to the three-domain system of classification?
Domain Bacteria
What is the function of phycobilisomes in cyanobacteria?
Photosynthesis
Where are the pigments of cyanobacteria located?
In phycobilisomes attached to thylakoids
Which pigments are found in cyanobacteria?
Chlorophyll a, carotene, xanthophylls, c-phycocyanin, and c-phycoerythrin
What is the classification of prokaryotes in the three-domain system?
Domain Bacteria
What distinguishes prokaryotes from protists?
Size and lack of distinct nuclei with nuclear membranes
Where are cyanobacteria pigments located?
In granules (phycobilisomes) attached to thylakoid membranes in the cytoplasm
What pigments do Gymnodinium algae have?
Chlorophylls a and c, and various xanthophylls
What is the primary pigment for photosynthesis in cyanobacteria?
Chlorophyll a
What causes red tides in marine environments?
Some species of marine Gymnodinium
What is the primary function of phycobilisomes in cyanobacteria?
To capture light energy for photosynthesis
Where is the nuclear material located in cyanobacteria?
In the form of DNA granules in the center of the cell
What is the procedure for making wet mount slides to study microorganisms in pond water?
Placing a drop of suspended organisms on a microscope slide, covering it with a cover glass, and recording the bottle number if using different cultures
What distinguishes Subkingdom Protozoa from Subkingdom Algae?
Protozoa lack cell walls and have distinct nuclei with nuclear membranes
Which phylum within Subkingdom Protozoa includes protozoans with cilia for movement and food-getting?
Ciliophora
What distinguishes Phylum Apicomplexa within Subkingdom Protozoa?
They are internal parasites lacking locomotor organelles and having spore-forming stages
What is the main characteristic that distinguishes Subkingdom Algae from plants?
Algae lack tissue differentiation
What is a characteristic feature of Phylum Sarcomastigophora within Subkingdom Protozoa?
Includes Sarcodina (Amoebae) and Mastigophora (Zooflagellates)
What distinguishes Subkingdom Protozoa from Subkingdom Algae in terms of cell structure?
Protozoa cells are covered with a cell membrane and lack cell walls
What type of organisms are likely to be unpigmented and moving?
Protozoans
What color are organisms that are usually algae?
Greenish or golden-brown
What color are organisms that are cyanobacteria?
Blue-green
What is the prime concern in the exercise described in the text?
Protozoans, algae, and cyanobacteria
What is the purpose of the exercise described in the text?
To provide an opportunity to become familiar with the differences between protozoans, algae, and cyanobacteria
What will be available for assistance in identifying organisms not described in the short text of the exercise?
Supplementary books on the laboratory bookshelf
What will determine the extent to which students will be held accountable for the names of various organisms encountered?
The instructor
Which subkingdom includes animal-like protists in Protozoa and plant-like protists in Algae?
Subkingdom Protozoa
What covers the cells of Protozoa?
Cell membrane
Which phylum includes structurally complex protozoans with cilia for movement and food-getting?
Phylum Ciliophora
What do Protozoa produce that are resistant dormant stages?
Cysts
Which phylum includes Sarcodina (Amoebae) and Mastigophora (Zooflagellates)?
Phylum Sarcomastigophora
What does Subkingdom Algae lack, differing from plants?
Tissue differentiation
What is the main characteristic of Phylum Apicomplexa?
Internal parasites lacking locomotor organelles and having spore-forming stages
Study Notes
Studying Microorganisms in Pond Water: Making Wet Mount Slides and Identifying Protists and Algae
- Wet mount slides are necessary to study microorganisms in pond water
- Procedure for making wet mount slides is simple: place a drop of suspended organisms on a microscope slide, cover it with a cover glass, and record the bottle number if using different cultures
- Guidelines include using clean materials, using pipettes to get maximum organisms, and exploring slides with low-power objective first
- Protists are single-celled eukaryons lacking tissue specialization and are grouped in Kingdom Protista
- Subkingdom Protozoa includes animal-like protists in Protozoa and plant-like in Algae
- Protozoa cells are covered with a cell membrane, lack cell walls, and have distinct nuclei with nuclear membranes
- Protozoa produce resistant dormant stages called cysts and reproduce asexually and sexually
- Subkingdom Protozoa is divided into three phyla: Sarcomastigophora, Ciliophora, and Apicomplexa
- Phylum Sarcomastigophora includes Sarcodina (Amoebae) and Mastigophora (Zooflagellates)
- Phylum Ciliophora includes structurally complex protozoans with cilia for movement and food-getting
- Phylum Apicomplexa includes internal parasites lacking locomotor organelles and having spore-forming stages
- Subkingdom Algae includes all photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms in Kingdom Protista, differing from plants in lacking tissue differentiation
Test your knowledge about microorganisms found in laboratory settings and marine environments with this quiz. Explore topics such as euglenoids, green algae, brown algae, diatoms, dinoflagellates, prokaryotes, cyanobacteria, and their unique characteristics and properties.
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