Microbial concepts

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What type of microorganism is yeast and what does it produce when it utilizes sugar?

Yeast is a fungus that produces carbon dioxide when it utilizes sugar.

List two factors that are important for yeast activity in making bread.

Temperature and oxygen supply are important for yeast activity.

Name a microorganism used in cheese production and its role.

Lactobacillus is used in cheese production for fermentation.

What is the function of Asparagillus in food production?

Asparagillus is used in the production of soy sauce. Signup and view all the answers

Which microorganism is primarily associated with beer and wine production?

Saccharomyces is primarily associated with beer and wine production. Signup and view all the answers

Match the brewing methods with their descriptions:

Batch Brewing = Beer is fermented in separate batches. Continuous Brewing = Beer is produced without interruption. Lautering = Process used in continuous brewing. Cold crash = A step in the continuous brewing process. Signup and view all the answers

Match the steps of continuous brewing with their order:

Mashing = Step 1 Filtration = Step 6 Bottling = Step 8 Cooling = Step 4 Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of bacteria with their roles:

Lactobacilli = Feeds on lactic acid. Lactococci = Involved in fermentation. Batch Brewing = Uses limited batches. Continuous Brewing = Allows for constant production. Signup and view all the answers

Match the brewing processes to their sequence in continuous brewing:

Brewing Boiling = Step 3 Primary Fermentation = Step 5 Secondary Fermentation = Step 7 Cooling = Step 4 Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristics with the correct brewing method:

Batch Brewing = Requires time between batches. Continuous Brewing = No breaks in production. Primary Fermentation = Critical for flavor development. Filtration = Prevents unwanted bacteria in beer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary product of bacteria feeding on lactose during cheese and yogurt production?

Lactic acid Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria is primarily used in the production of Cheddar cheese?

Lactococci Signup and view all the answers

What type of mold is responsible for producing the blue veins in certain cheeses?

Penicillium glaucum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is used to produce Swiss cheese?

Lactobacillus Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lactic acid in the cheese-making process?

To thicken the milk Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the yogurt production process?

Heating the Milk Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria are primarily responsible for the fermentation in yogurt production?

Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus Signup and view all the answers

What temperature is the milk heated to during the yogurt-making process?

85°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of adding microorganisms during yogurt production?

To improve the sensory quality and taste Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about 'eye-formers' is true?

They cause the formation of eye-like structures in cheese. Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with the invention of the microscope?

Anthony van Leeuwenhoek Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is known for developing the gram stain technique?

Christian Gram Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following contributions to microbiology is associated with cholera?

John Snow Signup and view all the answers

What significant development is Louis Pasteur known for?

Pasteurization Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered that Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax?

Robert Koch Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when quality control results are described as 'in control'?

Results are within the expected range. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for the quality control process?

Analyze patient demographic data. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of quality assurance in a laboratory service?

Ensuring that services meet international standards. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the importance of using sterile containers and techniques in quality control?

To ensure accurate identification of isolated organisms. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of quality control, what types of materials can QC products be made from?

Human serum, urine, or spinal fluid. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT included in the standard operating procedure (SOP)?

Sample analysis Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is responsible for collecting and distributing quality control materials?

ATCC American Type Culture Collection Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formatting for typing the full name of an organism in binomial nomenclature?

The genus is capitalized and species is italicized. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the characteristics shared by species within the same genus?

They display similar staining patterns, types of infections, and biochemical reactions. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of microorganism classification, which of the following pairs correctly identifies a unicellular microorganism?

Bacteria are unicellular organisms. Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a eukaryotic cell differentiates it from prokaryotic cells?

Presence of a nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What naming convention should be followed when mentioning an organism for the first time?

Both the genus and species names must be written out the first time. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the plasma membrane in a eukaryotic cell?

Regulating transport of materials Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the eukaryotic cell is responsible for controlling reproduction and cellular functions?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

Strengthening and protecting the cell surface Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the eukaryotic cell is known as the 'powerhouse'?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of microtubules in flagella and cilia?

9 + 2 arrangement Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main parts of a flagellum in prokaryotic cells?

Basal body, hook, and filament Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?

Protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the prokaryotic cell helps to maintain its structural integrity?

Cell wall Signup and view all the answers

The plasma membrane of prokaryotic cells differs from that of eukaryotic cells in which way?

It is thinner Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of inclusion bodies in prokaryotic cells?

Serving as reserve deposits Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes resident flora from transient flora in the body?

Resident flora are normally located in a specific area. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following roles is NOT performed by normal flora?

Actively cause disease in healthy individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when transient flora competes with resident microbiota?

Resident flora may be displaced temporarily. Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is produced by normal flora in the body?

Vitamin K Signup and view all the answers