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Questions and Answers
What role do microbes play in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems?
What role do microbes play in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems?
- They play a more important role in sustainable applications than in climate change applications.
- They are responsible for about half of global primary production and play a role in nutrient cycling. (correct)
- They are only important in climate change.
- They have a limited impact regarding the cycling of nutrients.
Which aquaculture method involves fertilizing man-made enclosures to produce blooms of microalgae?
Which aquaculture method involves fertilizing man-made enclosures to produce blooms of microalgae?
- Pigment Production
- Direct Feeding
- Indirect Feeding
- Green Water Approaches (correct)
What is a key consideration when using yeast as a dietary component for aquatic species?
What is a key consideration when using yeast as a dietary component for aquatic species?
- Yeast has a consistent protein quality across batches.
- Yeast quality can vary from batch to batch. (correct)
- Yeast palatability is a challenge with all species of fish.
- Yeast is only palatable to marine species.
Which method can achieve reduced costs through automation?
Which method can achieve reduced costs through automation?
What key factor has driven research into genetic manipulation of microalgae?
What key factor has driven research into genetic manipulation of microalgae?
What is a common method for introducing DNA into microalgal cells, according to the text?
What is a common method for introducing DNA into microalgal cells, according to the text?
According to Gressel (2013), how can contamination from competing algae be prevented in open ponds?
According to Gressel (2013), how can contamination from competing algae be prevented in open ponds?
What is the role of Arthrospira (Spirulina) in aquaculture?
What is the role of Arthrospira (Spirulina) in aquaculture?
Based on the information, what is one of the main focuses of current probiotics research and development?
Based on the information, what is one of the main focuses of current probiotics research and development?
How do bacteria play a role in recirculating aquaculture systems?
How do bacteria play a role in recirculating aquaculture systems?
The text mentions intensive Artemia cyst production started in the 1970s in which location?
The text mentions intensive Artemia cyst production started in the 1970s in which location?
What limits the use of copepods in aquaculture?
What limits the use of copepods in aquaculture?
Why is it important to correctly identify microalgae?
Why is it important to correctly identify microalgae?
What is the most preferable method for long-term storage of microalgae, according to this document?
What is the most preferable method for long-term storage of microalgae, according to this document?
What is a challenge associated with bacterial isolates described as having probiotic properties?
What is a challenge associated with bacterial isolates described as having probiotic properties?
What is the most highly produced microalgae, by tonnage, in China?
What is the most highly produced microalgae, by tonnage, in China?
Why is maintenance of stock cultures essential for microalgal strains used industrially?
Why is maintenance of stock cultures essential for microalgal strains used industrially?
Which factor significantly contributes to fluctuations in Artemia harvests from the Great Salt Lake?
Which factor significantly contributes to fluctuations in Artemia harvests from the Great Salt Lake?
Which of these factors is described as a key driver in expanding the use of microorganisms in aquaculture?
Which of these factors is described as a key driver in expanding the use of microorganisms in aquaculture?
How does the text suggest aquaculture companies could benefit in the long-term?
How does the text suggest aquaculture companies could benefit in the long-term?
According to the document, what skills are required for someone working in aquaculture microbiology?
According to the document, what skills are required for someone working in aquaculture microbiology?
In relation to the culture medium for rotifers, which factor presents a particular challenge?
In relation to the culture medium for rotifers, which factor presents a particular challenge?
To what factor are both egg ratio and swimming velocity related, in rotifer culture systems?
To what factor are both egg ratio and swimming velocity related, in rotifer culture systems?
What advance has already made it possible to perform more procedures on the genome of microalgae?
What advance has already made it possible to perform more procedures on the genome of microalgae?
Genetic technologies are not yet well developed for which species?
Genetic technologies are not yet well developed for which species?
Which parameter related to the cultivation of Arthrospira species is of particular importance?
Which parameter related to the cultivation of Arthrospira species is of particular importance?
What advance increased Artemia harvesting throughout Asia in the 1980s?
What advance increased Artemia harvesting throughout Asia in the 1980s?
Aside from direct feeding and creating pigments, what third common purpose exists for using microalgae?
Aside from direct feeding and creating pigments, what third common purpose exists for using microalgae?
What are a couple of advantages that rotifers have over other species?
What are a couple of advantages that rotifers have over other species?
What type of aquatic setting do Artemia typically inhabit in nature?
What type of aquatic setting do Artemia typically inhabit in nature?
Which factor of note allows microalgae to be commercially grown even in the absence of light?
Which factor of note allows microalgae to be commercially grown even in the absence of light?
Which compound of interest has been used to enrich rotifers and Artemia?
Which compound of interest has been used to enrich rotifers and Artemia?
What is a potential benefit of growing biomass in wastewater?
What is a potential benefit of growing biomass in wastewater?
What is the purpose of applying lipid emulsions of different specific algae to rotifers?
What is the purpose of applying lipid emulsions of different specific algae to rotifers?
What is the effect of engineering microalgae to produce avermectin?
What is the effect of engineering microalgae to produce avermectin?
Flashcards
Aquaculture
Aquaculture
Farming aquatic organisms, microbes to finfish.
Role of Microbes
Role of Microbes
Microbes cycle nutrients in terrestrial, aquatic ecosystems.
Pseudo-Green Water
Pseudo-Green Water
Algae added into fish larval rearing tanks.
Green Water Benefits
Green Water Benefits
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Direct Feeding
Direct Feeding
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Heterotrophic Microalgae
Heterotrophic Microalgae
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Genetic Technologies
Genetic Technologies
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Genetic Modification
Genetic Modification
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Engineered Traits
Engineered Traits
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Arthrospira
Arthrospira
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Probiotic Bacteria
Probiotic Bacteria
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Bacteria role
Bacteria role
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Artemia
Artemia
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Rotifers
Rotifers
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Thraustochytrids
Thraustochytrids
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Chlorella vulgaris
Chlorella vulgaris
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Haematococcus pluvialis
Haematococcus pluvialis
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Study Notes
Genetic Resources for Microorganisms in Aquaculture
- Aquaculture involves farming aquatic organisms from microbes to shellfish and finfish.
- Aquaculture's increasing production has led to substantial growth in fish production for human consumption.
- Aquaculture contributed more than wild-caught fisheries for the first time in 2014.
- In 2014, global aquaculture production accounted for 44.1% of total global fish production.
- To feed the growing population, fish consumption (especially from aquaculture) plays an important role.
- Fish consumption is key to meeting the nutritional needs of a growing population.
Microbes' Role
- Microbes play a crucial role in cycling nutrients in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
- Marine microbes are responsible for about half of global primary production.
- Microbes in natural marine and freshwater ecosystems are key components of food webs and nutrient cycling.
- They are used as live feeds, probiotics, and filtration systems in aquaculture.
- Microbes are indispensable resources for the growth of shellfish and finfish in aquatic ecosystems.
- Microbes can substitute for fishmeal and fish oil, which is growing more expensive.
- Meeting the nutritional needs of aquaculture species includes microbes.
- 30.8% of world fish production by aquaculture consists of non-fed species, notably carp, and bivalve molluscs like clams, oysters and mussels.
- Genomic approaches now let you rapidly determine the composition of natural microbial communities.
Study Overview
- This will provide information about the genetic resources of key microorganisms on which aquaculture depends.
- These microorganisms such as microalgae enhance the nutritional quality of Artemia and rotifers.
- Bacteria are used for human diet supplements and include species that improve fish and shellfish survival and growth.
- Bacteria also play an important role in filtration systems needed in recirculating aquaculture systems.
- Zooplankton (Artemia spp. and rotifers) is widely used as feed for the aquaculture industry.
- China is the world's biggest aquaculture producer making up over 80 percent of world aquaculture production with other countries including Indonesia, India, Viet Nam and the Philippines.
Microorganisms in Aquaculture
- Microalgae uses are divided into green water approaches, direct feeding, indirect feeding, and pigment production.
- Green water is water in which microalgae grow naturally, or are added.
- Green water is an important sector in aquaculture because of the freshwater fish aquaculture that it supports.
- The fish and shrimp are raised without additional aquaculture feed.
- Microalgae used for green water production are Nannochloropsis spp., Chlorella vulgaris, Isochrysis spp. and Tetraselmis spp.
- Microalgae species such as Nannochloropsis spp., Pavlova spp., Isochrysis spp., Tetraselmis spp., Thalassiosira weissflogii, Dunaliella spp. and Chaetoceros spp. are commercially used.
- Thraustochytrids are marine microorganisms considered as microalgae that are rich sources of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
- This has potential as feed additives in aquaculture. The genus Schizochytrium is the most commonly used in aquaculture.
Bacteria in Aquaculture
- They are increasingly used to reduce pathogen effects being extensively used in China and South America.
- Probiotic application improves disease resistance or growth of aquaculture species.
- Many species of Gram-negative bacteria and Gram- positive bacteria are considered for use in aquaculture.
- Their modes of action includes competitive exclusion or immunostimulation as well as improvement in appetite or feed conversion that leads to better growth
Zooplankton in Aquaculture
- It is used as live feed.
- The Artemia spp. comprises both zygogenetic and parthenogenetic groups.
- It is found in the Americas being the most important
- Several strains of Artemia are used for aquaculture
- They are a resource for selection of characteristics desirable in aquaculture ( in particular nutritional value)
- Rotifers are used in aquaculture, with the Brachionus being the most important genus and other genus used by farmers in Asia
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