Microorganisms and Metal Recovery

Dr. Eman El Gebaly is discussing the production of ______ as a biofuel.

Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus is a ______ thermophile that produces ethanol from soluble sugars.

Zymomonas mobilis has a higher ______ uptake and ethanol yield compared to S.cerevisiae.

Anaerobic digestion is a process of biologically-mediated reactions by a group of ______ to convert organic compounds into methane and carbon dioxide.

Anaerobic digestion begins with bacterial ______ of the input materials to break down insoluble organic polymers.

Zymomonas mobilis has the advantage of not requiring controlled ______ of oxygen during fermentation.

Acidogenic bacteria convert the sugars and ______ acids into carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia, and organic acids.

Acetogenic bacteria convert these resulting organic ______ into acetic acid, along with additional ammonia, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide.

Methanogenic bacteria finally are able to convert these products to ______ and carbon dioxide.

Microorganisms accumulate metals by ______ or bioaccumulation processes.

Bioaccumulation is a much slower process of metal uptake than ______.

Bacterial leaching or ______ is the extraction of metals from their ores using microorganisms.

The most important player in the ______ process is Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.

Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is a ______ acidophile, obtaining its energy from inorganic sources.

Thiobacillus ferrooxidans oxidises ______ to ferric and sulphur and reduced sulphur compounds to sulphuric acid.

The properties of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans make it most attractive for ______ leaching operations.

Thiobacillus ferrooxidans fixes its own carbon while growing in an ______ medium.