Microminerals and Macrominerals for Dogs and Cats

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• Microminerals and macrominerals are essential for various body functions in dogs and cats.

Micronutrients-

Copper

• It is necessary for body processes, including collagen formation, bone, connective tissue, iron absorption, red blood cell development/maturation, antioxidant function, and melanin production (pigment in hair).
• Sources include liver, fish, whole grains, and legumes.
• The requirement for adult dogs is 3.3mg/lb, while for adult cats, it is 2.3mg/lb.

Iodine

• It ensures proper thyroid gland function and production of thyroid hormones.
• It is a component of growth hormone thyroxine.
• Sources include fish and iodized salt, with adult dogs needing 0.7mg/lb and adult cats 0.16mg/lb.

Iron

• It combines with copper (Cu) and protein to form hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in red blood cells.
• It is a constituent of many enzymes and a component of connective tissue, as well as a growth factor in bone development.
• Sources include liver, lean meats, fish, whole grains, and legumes.
• Both adult dogs and cats require 36.4mg/lb

Manganese

• It is essential for the action of many enzymes in the body responsible for energy production and making fatty acids.
• Sources are whole grains, seeds, nuts, eggs, and green vegetables.
• Adult dogs require 2.3mg/lb, and adult cats need 3.4mg/lb.

Selenium

• It functions in conjunction with vitamin E and certain enzymes to protect cells.
• It is also a component of the enzyme 'glutathione peroxidase' acting as an antioxidant.
• Sources include cereals and meat products.
• Both adult dogs and cats need 0.05mg/lb.

Zinc

• It is a component of enzyme systems linked with protein synthesis (e.g., cell division), cell growth, wound healing, and carbohydrate breakdown.
• Sources are fish meal and liver.
• Adult dogs require 120mg/kg, while adult cats need 75mg/kg.

Macronutrients-

Calcium

• It is essential to the body for many functions, including bone formation, blood coagulation, muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and enzyme activation.
• It also helps to maintain the proper acid/alkali balance in the body.
• Sources include bones, dairy products, and leguminous plants.
• Both adult dogs and cats require 0.5% - 0.9%.

Chloride

• It helps maintain the proper acid/alkali balance within the body.
• It is necessary for the production of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach, which aids in protein digestion, maintenance of osmotic pressure and the water balance.
• The source is common salt.
• Adult dogs require 0.09%, and adult cats need 0.3%.

Magnesium

• It is responsible for the absorption, proper use of certain vitamins and minerals including vitamin C, vitamin E, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium, for the Development of bone and teeth and for energy metabolism.
• Raw wheat germ, whole grains, soybeans, milk, and fish are common sources.
• Adult dogs and cats both have a requirement for 0.04%.

Phosphorus

• It works together with calcium in the body to maintain the growth and structure of the skeletal system.
• It is used for energy, phospholipids in cell membranes and is a constituent of nucleic acids.
• Meat or organ meats serve as a source.
• Adult dogs and cats need 0.4% - 0.8%.

Potassium

• It ensures proper enzyme, muscle, and nerve function, protein synthesis and maintenance of osmotic pressure.
• Potassium also maintains acid/base balance throughout the body.
• Sources include a range of vegetables and meats.
• Both adult dogs and cats require 0.6%.

Sodium (Salt)

• It aids in the transfer of nutrients to cells, in the removal of waste products, in nerve and muscle action, maintenance of osmotic pressure, acid/base balance, and water balance.
• Common salt, dairy products, meat, and vegetables serve as sources.
• Adult dogs need 0.06%, while adult cats require 0.2%.