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Questions and Answers
What can cause yolk peritonitis in addition to rupture of the oviduct?
What happens if bacteria are not present in yolk peritonitis?
Which of the following is a sign of yolk peritonitis?
What is the main goal of treatment in yolk peritonitis?
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When is surgery used to treat yolk peritonitis?
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How can the laying cycle be manipulated to treat yolk peritonitis?
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What is a potential side effect of using hormonal injections to treat yolk peritonitis?
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Why is it recommended to remove the hen from its cage and sight and sound of its mate during treatment?
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What is the primary cause of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome?
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Which type of hens are most often affected by fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome?
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What is the typical cause of death in hens with fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome?
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How can the diet be altered to treat fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome?
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What is the primary goal of treating fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of hens with fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome?
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What is cannibalism according to the content?
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What is the consequence of not correcting cannibalism early?
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What can happen to birds if their management or diet is not optimal?
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Why should bird owners allow their birds a rest period each year?
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What can be a concern if a hen lays a run of abnormal eggs?
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What is a potential problem that can occur if bird owners push their birds for large numbers of clutches?
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Why is it common for hens to lay odd-shaped eggs?
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What is one of the 'Bird keeper's Bogeymen' mentioned in the text?
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What is a recommendation for bird owners to prevent problems?
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What is a consequence of prolonged laying, hatching, and rearing in birds?
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At what dose of Levamisole can it be toxic to ducks?
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Which of the following is NOT a problematic substance in the group of minerals and metals?
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What is a common source of sodium problems in young birds?
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What is a symptom of sodium poisoning in birds?
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What is a common source of lead poisoning in birds?
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Which birds are more tolerant to lead poisoning?
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What is a characteristic of lead poisoning in birds?
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What happens to lead consumed by birds?
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What can be a common occurrence when people over-use calcium supplements?
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What can be a result of excess Vitamin A in poultry?
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What can be toxic to pigeons when overdosed?
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What can cause kidney damage in chicks?
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What can be used to confirm metal or chemical compound toxicity in dead birds?
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What can be toxic to poultry when ingested or inhaled?
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What can cause kidney damage when added to feed where young females or males of any age can free-feed?
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What can indicate that birds are getting too much calcium?
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Study Notes
Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome
- A condition that affects only hens, caused by excessive dietary energy intake
- Hereditary tendencies vary among strains of egg production stock, but heredity is not the entire cause
- Laying hens housed in cages are most often affected due to limited exercise and inability to dispose of excess dietary energy
- High-producers are most affected, indicating a close association with physiological energy metabolism and production
- Mortality rates vary among flocks, but can be excessive in some cases
- Lesions include:
- Accumulation of large amounts of abdominal fat
- Enlarged, easily damaged liver
- Presence of blood clots indicating prior hemorrhages
- Death usually occurs due to a fatal internal hemorrhage originating in the liver, often caused by straining to lay an egg
- Primary treatment requires altering the diet or reducing dietary energy consumption
- Replacement of corn with lower-energy feedstuffs like wheat bran can help
- Addition of vitamins can be beneficial if a complete layer ration is being fed
Cannibalism
- A prevalent problem among chickens of all ages, can become serious if not corrected early
- Can be caused by rupture of the oviduct, more likely to occur if hens are restrained or stressed during ovulation
- Results in yolk material spreading through the air sacs and over abdominal organs, causing a mild inflammatory reaction
- Signs include:
- Abdominal swelling
- Wide-based stance
- Weight loss
- Treatment is mainly supportive, with antibiotics used in cases of septic peritonitis
- Surgery may be necessary to remove yolk material in severe cases
- Attempt to switch off the laying cycle by manipulating light exposure and using hormonal injections (though with potential side effects)
Abnormal Eggs
- An odd abnormal egg is not a concern, but a run of soft-shelled, rough-shelled, or infertile eggs indicates a potential problem
- Causes include:
- Dietary insufficiency
- Mineral and metal imbalances (specifically sodium, lead, and calcium)
Mineral and Metal Imbalances
- Sodium chloride or sodium bicarbonate (salt) can cause problems, especially in young chicks and turkey poults consuming too much saline water
- Lead poisoning remains a serious problem, primarily with wild birds and waterfowl, but can also affect backyard flocks
- Lead can be ingested through lead shot, bullets, or paint chips, and can cause kidney damage, heart failure, and other symptoms
- Calcium overdose can occur when using oyster shell supplements, causing kidney damage and other issues
- Vitamins A, D3, and B6 can be toxic when overdosed, causing problems such as reduced egg production, growth rate, and osteoporosis
- Disinfectants and fungicidal fumigants can cause toxicity when ingested or inhaled, including phenolics, quats, chlorine bleach, formaldehyde, organic mercurials, thiram, and captan
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Description
A condition affecting hens caused by excessive dietary energy intake, hereditary tendencies, and lack of exercise. Learn about its causes, symptoms, and mortality rates.
