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Questions and Answers
What can cause yolk peritonitis in addition to rupture of the oviduct?
What can cause yolk peritonitis in addition to rupture of the oviduct?
- Restraining or stressing hens during ovulation (correct)
- Switching the laying cycle
- Giving hens antibiotics
- Providing hens with a nutritious diet
What happens if bacteria are not present in yolk peritonitis?
What happens if bacteria are not present in yolk peritonitis?
- The hen's laying cycle will be permanently disrupted
- The yolk material will be reabsorbed (correct)
- The hen will experience intense pain
- The yolk material will cause a severe inflammatory reaction
Which of the following is a sign of yolk peritonitis?
Which of the following is a sign of yolk peritonitis?
- Increased egg production
- Bright and alert behavior
- Abdominal swelling (correct)
- Increased appetite
What is the main goal of treatment in yolk peritonitis?
What is the main goal of treatment in yolk peritonitis?
When is surgery used to treat yolk peritonitis?
When is surgery used to treat yolk peritonitis?
How can the laying cycle be manipulated to treat yolk peritonitis?
How can the laying cycle be manipulated to treat yolk peritonitis?
What is a potential side effect of using hormonal injections to treat yolk peritonitis?
What is a potential side effect of using hormonal injections to treat yolk peritonitis?
Why is it recommended to remove the hen from its cage and sight and sound of its mate during treatment?
Why is it recommended to remove the hen from its cage and sight and sound of its mate during treatment?
What is the primary cause of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome?
What is the primary cause of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome?
Which type of hens are most often affected by fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome?
Which type of hens are most often affected by fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome?
What is the typical cause of death in hens with fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome?
What is the typical cause of death in hens with fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome?
How can the diet be altered to treat fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome?
How can the diet be altered to treat fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome?
What is the primary goal of treating fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome?
What is the primary goal of treating fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome?
Which of the following is a characteristic of hens with fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome?
Which of the following is a characteristic of hens with fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome?
What is cannibalism according to the content?
What is cannibalism according to the content?
What is the consequence of not correcting cannibalism early?
What is the consequence of not correcting cannibalism early?
What can happen to birds if their management or diet is not optimal?
What can happen to birds if their management or diet is not optimal?
Why should bird owners allow their birds a rest period each year?
Why should bird owners allow their birds a rest period each year?
What can be a concern if a hen lays a run of abnormal eggs?
What can be a concern if a hen lays a run of abnormal eggs?
What is a potential problem that can occur if bird owners push their birds for large numbers of clutches?
What is a potential problem that can occur if bird owners push their birds for large numbers of clutches?
Why is it common for hens to lay odd-shaped eggs?
Why is it common for hens to lay odd-shaped eggs?
What is one of the 'Bird keeper's Bogeymen' mentioned in the text?
What is one of the 'Bird keeper's Bogeymen' mentioned in the text?
What is a recommendation for bird owners to prevent problems?
What is a recommendation for bird owners to prevent problems?
What is a consequence of prolonged laying, hatching, and rearing in birds?
What is a consequence of prolonged laying, hatching, and rearing in birds?
At what dose of Levamisole can it be toxic to ducks?
At what dose of Levamisole can it be toxic to ducks?
Which of the following is NOT a problematic substance in the group of minerals and metals?
Which of the following is NOT a problematic substance in the group of minerals and metals?
What is a common source of sodium problems in young birds?
What is a common source of sodium problems in young birds?
What is a symptom of sodium poisoning in birds?
What is a symptom of sodium poisoning in birds?
What is a common source of lead poisoning in birds?
What is a common source of lead poisoning in birds?
Which birds are more tolerant to lead poisoning?
Which birds are more tolerant to lead poisoning?
What is a characteristic of lead poisoning in birds?
What is a characteristic of lead poisoning in birds?
What happens to lead consumed by birds?
What happens to lead consumed by birds?
What can be a common occurrence when people over-use calcium supplements?
What can be a common occurrence when people over-use calcium supplements?
What can be a result of excess Vitamin A in poultry?
What can be a result of excess Vitamin A in poultry?
What can be toxic to pigeons when overdosed?
What can be toxic to pigeons when overdosed?
What can cause kidney damage in chicks?
What can cause kidney damage in chicks?
What can be used to confirm metal or chemical compound toxicity in dead birds?
What can be used to confirm metal or chemical compound toxicity in dead birds?
What can be toxic to poultry when ingested or inhaled?
What can be toxic to poultry when ingested or inhaled?
What can cause kidney damage when added to feed where young females or males of any age can free-feed?
What can cause kidney damage when added to feed where young females or males of any age can free-feed?
What can indicate that birds are getting too much calcium?
What can indicate that birds are getting too much calcium?
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Study Notes
Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome
- A condition that affects only hens, caused by excessive dietary energy intake
- Hereditary tendencies vary among strains of egg production stock, but heredity is not the entire cause
- Laying hens housed in cages are most often affected due to limited exercise and inability to dispose of excess dietary energy
- High-producers are most affected, indicating a close association with physiological energy metabolism and production
- Mortality rates vary among flocks, but can be excessive in some cases
- Lesions include:
- Accumulation of large amounts of abdominal fat
- Enlarged, easily damaged liver
- Presence of blood clots indicating prior hemorrhages
- Death usually occurs due to a fatal internal hemorrhage originating in the liver, often caused by straining to lay an egg
- Primary treatment requires altering the diet or reducing dietary energy consumption
- Replacement of corn with lower-energy feedstuffs like wheat bran can help
- Addition of vitamins can be beneficial if a complete layer ration is being fed
Cannibalism
- A prevalent problem among chickens of all ages, can become serious if not corrected early
- Can be caused by rupture of the oviduct, more likely to occur if hens are restrained or stressed during ovulation
- Results in yolk material spreading through the air sacs and over abdominal organs, causing a mild inflammatory reaction
- Signs include:
- Abdominal swelling
- Wide-based stance
- Weight loss
- Treatment is mainly supportive, with antibiotics used in cases of septic peritonitis
- Surgery may be necessary to remove yolk material in severe cases
- Attempt to switch off the laying cycle by manipulating light exposure and using hormonal injections (though with potential side effects)
Abnormal Eggs
- An odd abnormal egg is not a concern, but a run of soft-shelled, rough-shelled, or infertile eggs indicates a potential problem
- Causes include:
- Dietary insufficiency
- Mineral and metal imbalances (specifically sodium, lead, and calcium)
Mineral and Metal Imbalances
- Sodium chloride or sodium bicarbonate (salt) can cause problems, especially in young chicks and turkey poults consuming too much saline water
- Lead poisoning remains a serious problem, primarily with wild birds and waterfowl, but can also affect backyard flocks
- Lead can be ingested through lead shot, bullets, or paint chips, and can cause kidney damage, heart failure, and other symptoms
- Calcium overdose can occur when using oyster shell supplements, causing kidney damage and other issues
- Vitamins A, D3, and B6 can be toxic when overdosed, causing problems such as reduced egg production, growth rate, and osteoporosis
- Disinfectants and fungicidal fumigants can cause toxicity when ingested or inhaled, including phenolics, quats, chlorine bleach, formaldehyde, organic mercurials, thiram, and captan
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