Microcomputer Structure

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following memory types can be erased with ultraviolet rays?

  • EEPROM
  • MROM
  • EPROM (correct)
  • Flash ROM

SRAM requires constant refreshing of its capacitor composition to maintain data.

False (B)

What is the primary function of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) within a CPU?

data processing

The primary function of the control bus is to control ______ flow.

<p>data</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bus types with their primary function:

<p>Address Bus = To send address Data Bus = Process Data Control Bus = To control data flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of memory loses its data when power is removed?

<p>RAM (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A microcomputer's CPU is generally more complex and expensive than a PC's CPU.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a clock generator in a microcomputer system?

<p>synchronize computer system works</p> Signup and view all the answers

EEPROM clears memory and access data serially with ______.

<p>voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Control Unit (CU) in a CPU?

<p>Coordinating data transmission and access (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Programmable ROM (OTP) can be programmed multiple times.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the component that allows a microcomputer to accept fast external signals.

<p>external interrupt</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flash ROM clears memory by writing in ______.

<p>pages</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically considered an input device for a microcomputer?

<p>Monitor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The data bus is responsible for sending address information to memory locations.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does PWM stand for, related to microcomputer systems?

<p>pulse width modulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

A/D conversion transforms physical things or sensors into ______.

<p>data</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes DRAM from SRAM?

<p>Need for refreshing capacitor composition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Microcomputers are generally more expensive to produce than personal computers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of memory is convenient in order to save programs or data?

<p>rom</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Input Devices

Devices used to input data into a computer, such as keyboards, mice, and touch screens.

Output Devices

Devices that output processed data from a computer, like monitors and printers.

Computer Memory

Memory type that conveniently stores programs or data, including ROM, disks, and memory cards.

Mask ROM (MROM)

ROM that is programmed at the time the chip is manufactured.

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One-Time Programmable (OTP)

A type of programmable ROM that can only be programmed once.

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Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM)

A type of ROM that can be erased using ultraviolet rays.

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Electrically Erasable PROM (EEPROM)

A type of ROM that can be erased and reprogrammed using electrical signals.

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Flash ROM

A type of EEPROM that can be erased and written in blocks or pages.

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Random Access Memory (RAM)

Memory that can be accessed randomly and quickly, used for temporary data storage. Data is lost when power is off.

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Static RAM (SRAM)

A type of RAM that uses flip-flops to store data, offering faster speeds but higher cost.

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Dynamic RAM (DRAM)

A type of RAM that uses capacitors to store data, requiring periodic refreshing to maintain the data

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Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

The part of a computer that performs arithmetic calculations and logical operations.

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Control Unit (CU)

The part of the CPU that coordinates and controls the activities of the CPU and other components.

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Embedded System

A system where a computer is integrated into a device or system to control its functions.

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Address Bus

A set of wires that transmits addresses between components in a computer system.

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Data Bus

A set of wires used to transfer data between components in a computer system.

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Control Bus

A set of wires used to transmit control signals between components in a computer system.

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Clock Generator

A circuit that generates timing signals to synchronize computer system operations.

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External Interrupt

Signals that interrupt the normal execution of a program to handle urgent events.

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Analog-to-Digital (A/D)

Conversion of analog signals to digital data for computer processing.

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Study Notes

  • The microcomputer structure consists of input, output, memory, and CPU

Input

  • Input devices include keyboard, mouse, and touch screen

Output

  • Output devices include monitor and list machine

Memory

  • Includes RAM, ROM, disks, and memory cards
  • ROM is used to store programs or data

MROM

  • A chip that has programs burned onto it during mass production
  • Is programmable only once (OTP)

EPROM

  • Memory that can be erased with ultraviolet rays

EEPROM

  • Memory that is cleared with voltage (Parallel EEPROM)
  • Clears memory and accesses data serially with voltage (Serial EEPROM)

Flash ROM

  • Clears and writes memory in pages with voltage

RAM

  • Can access data, but data is lost without power

SRAM (Static RAM)

  • Uses a front reflector composition and is fast

DRAM (Dynamic RAM)

  • Uses a capacitor composition and needs to be updated

CPU

  • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is used for data processing such as calculation and judgement
  • Control Unit (CU) is responsible for traffic control
  • Responsible for coordinating control data, transmission, and access between units
  • Single microchip computer and Embedded System are part of this section

Bus

  • Address Bus: Used to send addresses
  • Data Bus: Processes data
  • Control Bus: Used to control data flow

Microcomputer Internal System

  • Includes a clock generator, external interrupt, timer/counter, serial input/output, PWM, A/D, and D/A.

Clock Generator

  • Synchronizes computer system operations

External Interrupt

  • Accepts fast signals

Time/Counter

  • Used for internal timing and external outing

Serial Input/Output

  • Converts parallel data to serial bits

PWM: Pulse Width Modulation

  • Controls ratio (e.g., speed, light, brightness)

A/D (Analog/Digital)

  • Converts physical things (sensor) to data

D/A (Digital/Analog)

  • Converts data to physical things

Comparing PC and Microcomputer

  • PC is more expensive than MCU
  • PC is complex, MCU is simple
  • PC is flexible, MCU is easy to use
  • PC has big size while MCU has small size
  • PC has big RAM & ROM while MCU has small RAM & ROM
  • PC uses CPU microprocessor, while MCU uses CPU united with I/O & memory

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Microcomputer Structure and Internal Systems PDF

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