Microbiota in Allergic Rhinitis Patients
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Questions and Answers

Which bacteria were increased in patients with Allergic Rhinitis?

  • Oxalobacter
  • Eisenbergiella
  • Parabacteroides (correct)
  • Clostridiales
  • What phyla showed significant differences between Allergic Rhinitis patients and healthy controls?

  • Chloroflexi
  • Cyanobacteria
  • Actinobacteria (correct)
  • Fusobacteria
  • Which bacteria levels were associated with nasal symptoms in Allergic Rhinitis patients?

  • Eisenbergiella
  • Clostridiales
  • Parabacteroides
  • Butyrococcus (correct)
  • Which clinical feature is NOT commonly associated with Allergic Rhinitis?

    <p>Blue discoloration of the lips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is valuable for evaluating eustachian tube dysfunction in patients with Allergic Rhinitis?

    <p>Pneumatic otoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of Allergic Rhinitis is related to symptoms that occur or increase due to specific plant pollination?

    <p>Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic that distinguishes allergic rhinitis from non-allergic rhinitis?

    <p>IgE-mediated reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is primarily involved in the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis?

    <p>IL-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial phase that an atopic individual must go through before developing allergic rhinitis upon reexposure to an allergen?

    <p>Sensitization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells assimilate a low-dose exposure of the antigen in the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Langerhans cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of response leads to nasal congestion and obstructed airflow in allergic rhinitis?

    <p>IgE-mediated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells engage with B lymphocytes in the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Helper T lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of IgE antibodies in allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Initiate mast cell activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are mast cells most prevalent in the context of allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mediator primarily stimulates sneezing in allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the late-phase response in allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Antigen stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mast cells release mediators in allergic rhinitis?

    <p>By undergoing degranulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the body experiences the hallmark acute symptoms of allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically present in a patient with acute exacerbation of airway obstruction?

    <p>Drooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definitive diagnostic procedure to confirm the diagnosis of acute exacerbation of airway obstruction?

    <p>Endoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of the tracheal mucosa in acute exacerbation of airway obstruction?

    <p>Diffusely ulcerated mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes acute exacerbation of airway obstruction from supraglottitis in terms of symptom presentation?

    <p>Drooling and dysphagia are always present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential finding on plain-film X-rays of the neck in a patient with acute exacerbation of airway obstruction?

    <p>Narrowing of the tracheal lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which investigation is crucial to visualize the tracheal mucosa and secretions in acute exacerbation of airway obstruction?

    <p>Endoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is characterized by a grayish, tightly adherent pseudomembrane covering the tonsils?

    <p>Pharyngeal diphtheria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infection might present as an exudative condition, often with tonsillar involvement?

    <p>Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What rare disease is primarily affecting unimmunized individuals due to childhood immunization?

    <p>Pharyngeal diphtheria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to potentially life-threatening airway compromise if it spreads to the larynx and tracheobronchial tree?

    <p>Pharyngeal diphtheria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms are associated with primary oral syphilis?

    <p>Painless chancre on the lips, buccal mucosa, or oropharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infection can cause bilateral tonsillar hypertrophy in patients?

    <p>Secondary syphilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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