30 Questions
Which bacteria were increased in patients with Allergic Rhinitis?
Parabacteroides
What phyla showed significant differences between Allergic Rhinitis patients and healthy controls?
Actinobacteria
Which bacteria levels were associated with nasal symptoms in Allergic Rhinitis patients?
Butyrococcus
Which clinical feature is NOT commonly associated with Allergic Rhinitis?
Blue discoloration of the lips
What method is valuable for evaluating eustachian tube dysfunction in patients with Allergic Rhinitis?
Pneumatic otoscopy
Which type of Allergic Rhinitis is related to symptoms that occur or increase due to specific plant pollination?
Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
What is the main characteristic that distinguishes allergic rhinitis from non-allergic rhinitis?
IgE-mediated reaction
Which cytokine is primarily involved in the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis?
IL-4
What is the initial phase that an atopic individual must go through before developing allergic rhinitis upon reexposure to an allergen?
Sensitization
Which cells assimilate a low-dose exposure of the antigen in the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis?
Langerhans cells
What type of response leads to nasal congestion and obstructed airflow in allergic rhinitis?
IgE-mediated
Which type of cells engage with B lymphocytes in the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis?
Helper T lymphocytes
What is the role of IgE antibodies in allergic rhinitis?
Initiate mast cell activation
Where are mast cells most prevalent in the context of allergic rhinitis?
Skin
Which mediator primarily stimulates sneezing in allergic rhinitis?
Histamine
What triggers the late-phase response in allergic rhinitis?
Antigen stimulation
How do mast cells release mediators in allergic rhinitis?
By undergoing degranulation
Which part of the body experiences the hallmark acute symptoms of allergic rhinitis?
Respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts
Which symptom is NOT typically present in a patient with acute exacerbation of airway obstruction?
Drooling
What is the definitive diagnostic procedure to confirm the diagnosis of acute exacerbation of airway obstruction?
Endoscopy
What is a characteristic feature of the tracheal mucosa in acute exacerbation of airway obstruction?
Diffusely ulcerated mucosa
What distinguishes acute exacerbation of airway obstruction from supraglottitis in terms of symptom presentation?
Drooling and dysphagia are always present
What is a potential finding on plain-film X-rays of the neck in a patient with acute exacerbation of airway obstruction?
Narrowing of the tracheal lumen
Which investigation is crucial to visualize the tracheal mucosa and secretions in acute exacerbation of airway obstruction?
Endoscopy
Which disease is characterized by a grayish, tightly adherent pseudomembrane covering the tonsils?
Pharyngeal diphtheria
Which infection might present as an exudative condition, often with tonsillar involvement?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection
What rare disease is primarily affecting unimmunized individuals due to childhood immunization?
Pharyngeal diphtheria
Which condition can lead to potentially life-threatening airway compromise if it spreads to the larynx and tracheobronchial tree?
Pharyngeal diphtheria
What symptoms are associated with primary oral syphilis?
Painless chancre on the lips, buccal mucosa, or oropharynx
Which infection can cause bilateral tonsillar hypertrophy in patients?
Secondary syphilis
Test your knowledge on the microbiota changes observed in patients with allergic rhinitis. Learn about the specific bacterial variations and their associations with nasal symptoms in individuals with AR.
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