Microbiome Overview
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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'microbiome' primarily refer to?

  • Complex communities of microorganisms in a habitat (correct)
  • Large naturally occurring communities of microorganisms
  • A geographical region populated by only large animals
  • The genetic makeup of host animals and plants
  • Which of the following factors does not influence the gut biome?

  • Personal lifestyle choices (correct)
  • Diet
  • Host genetics
  • Early life exposure
  • What is implied by the term 'theater of activity' in relation to microbiomes?

  • The spatial distribution of the microorganisms in larger ecosystems
  • The entertainment value of studying microbial life
  • The evolutionary history of microorganisms in various habitats
  • The specific conditions and interactions of microorganisms in their environment (correct)
  • How do host genetics impact the microbiome?

    <p>Through interactions that influence microbial composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main inhabitants of the microbiome are ______

    <p>The main inhabitants of the microbiome are bacteria, fungi, algae, archaea and small protists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The microbiome varies based on _____ and ______

    <p>The microbiome varies based on the location and host species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has the least direct impact on the gut microbiome set point in mammals?

    <p>Seasonal climate variations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about environmental exposure and the microbiome is accurate?

    <p>Exposure to environmental microbiota can influence microbiome composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dietary factor is NOT mentioned as influencing the gut microbiome?

    <p>Duration of breast feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a genetic factor that may influence the microbiome?

    <p>Age of the host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The gut microbiome develops early in life

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 6 factors that potentially influence the microbiome development?

    <p>Genetics, antibiotic use, environmental, infant diet (breast vs formula feeding), route of delivery, and prenatal and perinatal exposure to maternal microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of a factor or exposure that can influence the microbiome?

    <p>Diet, Disease, exposure to environment, climate change, stress, land-use changes, captivity vs free range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four products of the microbiome that were discussed in class?

    <p>Amino acids, neurotransmitters, microbial metabolites and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of the neurotransmitters (aka neuroactive compounds) that the microbiome produces?

    <p>GABA, noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do microbial-derived molecules play in gut-brain signaling?

    <p>They signal to the brain via the vagus nerve and modulate the immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do microbiome-associated metabolites primarily affect the body's tissues?

    <p>They translocate through the circulatory system to induce local immune responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary method through which microorganisms can influence host immune responses?

    <p>Through colonization of the gastrointestinal tract and the production of metabolites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following metabolites is considered a small molecule that is an end product of metabolism?

    <p>Short chain fatty acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism mediates the communication between the gut microbiome and the brain?

    <p>Vagal nerve signaling and neuroactive compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List some applications of the microbiome in a veterinary practice or in research.

    <p>Predict future health or fitness, prevent or delay disease through new diagnostics, better measure of health, tailor diets to optimize health and tailor treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Microbiome Overview

    • Microbiome is a combination of "micro" (small) and "biome" (large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna in a habitat).
    • It refers to complex communities of microorganisms living on/in animals, fish, and plants.
    • Microorganisms inhabit specific environments with unique physical and chemical characteristics.
    • Key factors influencing the gut microbiome include diet, host genetics, and early life exposures.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of microbiomes, which are communities of microorganisms residing in various habitats, including on and within animals, plants, and fish. Learn about the influences of diet, genetics, and early life exposures on these complex ecological systems.

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