Microbiome Alterations and Pathogen Infections
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Questions and Answers

What may result in a resurgence of diseases in the United States, according to the text?

  • Global warming and strict control of vectors
  • Increased compliance with recommended vaccinations
  • Decreased nutrient availability
  • Relaxed control of vectors and antibiotic resistance (correct)
  • Which of the following diseases has spread throughout the continental United States, Canada, and Mexico, as stated in the text?

  • Malaria
  • West Nile virus (correct)
  • Tuberculosis
  • Measles
  • What distinguishes true pathogens from opportunistic infectious agents?

  • True pathogens rely on the host's defenses to cause infection.
  • True pathogens can overcome the host's defenses to cause infection. (correct)
  • Opportunistic infectious agents have a higher minimum infective dose.
  • Opportunistic infectious agents do not need a minimum number of microorganisms to cause infection.
  • What has led to the reemergence of common infections like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus?

    <p>Antibiotic resistance and decreased compliance with recommended vaccinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following microorganisms has the lowest estimated minimum infective dose?

    <p>Giardia lamblia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an infection that has reemerged due to antibiotic resistance or vaccination noncompliance?

    <p>Influenza</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might immune deficiencies lead to invasive systemic infections?

    <p>Immune deficiencies weaken the host's defense mechanisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infection is dependent more on the number of microorganisms than on the host's defenses?

    <p>Bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has contributed to outbreaks of diseases like measles and pertussis according to the text?

    <p>Decreased compliance with recommended vaccinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What poses a continuing threat to public health and safety as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Bioterrorism agents like smallpox and anthrax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes opportunistic infectious agents like Candida albicans from true pathogens?

    <p>Opportunistic agents can infect immunocompetent individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might alterations in the microbiome by antibiotics lead to local overgrowth of opportunistic microorganisms?

    <p>Antibiotics disrupt the balance of microorganisms in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the factors that influence the capacity of a microorganism to cause disease?

    <p>Pathogenicity, communicability, and infectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the ability of a microorganism to induce an immune response?

    <p>Immunogenicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does virulence refer to in the context of infectious diseases?

    <p>Capacity to cause severe disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the route by which a microorganism infects the host?

    <p>Portal of entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of an epidemic infectious disease?

    <p>Spreads over a large area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the ability of a microorganism to invade and multiply in the host?

    <p>Infectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

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