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Questions and Answers
Viruses that infect bacteria are referred to as?
Viruses that infect bacteria are referred to as?
bacteriophages
Which does not refer to the shape of a virus?
Which does not refer to the shape of a virus?
The shape of the virus is determined by its?
The shape of the virus is determined by its?
capsid
What part of the attached bacteriophage enters through the host cell wall?
What part of the attached bacteriophage enters through the host cell wall?
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A phage that replicates inside the host cell and then lyses its host during its release is a?
A phage that replicates inside the host cell and then lyses its host during its release is a?
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The correct order for the stages of a phage infection is?
The correct order for the stages of a phage infection is?
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Phages that can either replicate and cause cell lysis or can integrate their DNA into the host DNA are called?
Phages that can either replicate and cause cell lysis or can integrate their DNA into the host DNA are called?
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Phage-encoded enzymes are?
Phage-encoded enzymes are?
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Assembly of the T4 phage may involve?
Assembly of the T4 phage may involve?
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The viral envelope closely resembles the?
The viral envelope closely resembles the?
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The protein projections on the surface of a virus that are involved in attachment to the host cell are called?
The protein projections on the surface of a virus that are involved in attachment to the host cell are called?
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Outside of living cells, viruses are?
Outside of living cells, viruses are?
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Which is a filamentous phage?
Which is a filamentous phage?
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The integration of phage DNA into the bacterial chromosome occurs because of?
The integration of phage DNA into the bacterial chromosome occurs because of?
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A limiting factor for viral infection of animal cells is?
A limiting factor for viral infection of animal cells is?
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If the infecting phage lacks some critical pieces of DNA necessary for replication, it is called?
If the infecting phage lacks some critical pieces of DNA necessary for replication, it is called?
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Using phages to treat a bacterial infection is an interesting idea because?
Using phages to treat a bacterial infection is an interesting idea because?
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The nucleocapsid is composed of?
The nucleocapsid is composed of?
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The enveloped viruses typically obtain their envelope from?
The enveloped viruses typically obtain their envelope from?
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Retroviruses are unique in that they?
Retroviruses are unique in that they?
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Prions are?
Prions are?
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Viroids characteristically are composed of?
Viroids characteristically are composed of?
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Enveloped viruses?
Enveloped viruses?
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Study Notes
Bacteriophages
- Viruses that infect bacteria are called bacteriophages.
- A phage that replicates in a host and causes lysis during release is known as a virulent or lytic phage.
- Temperate phages can either cause lysis or integrate their DNA into the host's genome.
Virus Structure and Composition
- The capsid determines the shape of a virus.
- The protein projections on the surface of viruses, called spikes, facilitate attachment to host cells.
- Enveloped viruses have a lipid bilayer membrane similar to the eukaryotic cytoplasmic membrane.
Viral Infection Process
- Phage infection follows this sequence: attachment, penetration, transcription, replication of nucleic acid and protein, assembly, and release.
- During infection, the nucleic acid of a bacteriophage enters the host cell through its wall.
Phage Mechanics
- Phages produce enzymes sequentially to prepare the host cell for viral replication.
- Assembly of T4 phage can occur through self-assembly or by utilizing scaffolds.
Characteristics and Behavior of Viruses
- Outside living cells, viruses are metabolically inert.
- Retroviruses uniquely utilize RNA to synthesize DNA from their genetic material.
- If a phage lacks critical DNA for replication, it is termed defective.
Host Cell Interaction
- A significant limiting factor for viral infection in animal cells is the presence of specific receptor molecules on the host cell surface.
- The nucleocapsid of a virus consists of either DNA or RNA and protein.
Non-viral Infectious Agents
- Prions are infectious agents composed solely of protein.
- Viroids consist of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA).
Applications of Phages
- Utilizing phages for bacterial infection treatment is a potential solution to the growing issue of antibiotic resistance.
- Filamentous phage example includes M13.
Viral Assembly and Envelopes
- Enveloped viruses derive their envelopes from the host cell's cytoplasmic membrane as they exit.
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Description
Test your knowledge of microbiology with these flashcards focusing on bacteriophages and their characteristics. Each card provides essential definitions and terminology related to viruses that infect bacteria. Perfect for enhancing your understanding of virus structure and functioning.
