Microbiology Worksheet 9 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Viruses that infect bacteria are referred to as?

bacteriophages

Which does not refer to the shape of a virus?

Spirilla

Helical

Bacillus (correct)

Coccus

The shape of the virus is determined by its?

capsid

What part of the attached bacteriophage enters through the host cell wall?

the nucleic acid Signup and view all the answers

A phage that replicates inside the host cell and then lyses its host during its release is a?

virulent or lytic phage Signup and view all the answers

The correct order for the stages of a phage infection is?

attachment, penetration, transcription, replication of nucleic acid and protein, assembly, release Signup and view all the answers

Phages that can either replicate and cause cell lysis or can integrate their DNA into the host DNA are called?

temperate phages Signup and view all the answers

Phage-encoded enzymes are?

produced in a sequential manner AND are used to customize the cell for viral production Signup and view all the answers

Assembly of the T4 phage may involve?

some self-assembly AND may involve the use of scaffolds Signup and view all the answers

The viral envelope closely resembles the?

eukaryotic cytoplasmic membrane Signup and view all the answers

The protein projections on the surface of a virus that are involved in attachment to the host cell are called?

spikes Signup and view all the answers

Outside of living cells, viruses are?

metabolically inert Signup and view all the answers

Which is a filamentous phage?

M13 Signup and view all the answers

The integration of phage DNA into the bacterial chromosome occurs because of?

the phage's ability to synthesize an enzyme that integrates its DNA into the host's chromosome Signup and view all the answers

A limiting factor for viral infection of animal cells is?

presence of specific receptor molecules on the host cell Signup and view all the answers

If the infecting phage lacks some critical pieces of DNA necessary for replication, it is called?

defective Signup and view all the answers

Using phages to treat a bacterial infection is an interesting idea because?

of the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance in pathogens Signup and view all the answers

The nucleocapsid is composed of?

DNA or RNA, and protein Signup and view all the answers

The enveloped viruses typically obtain their envelope from?

the host cytoplasmic membrane as they exit the host Signup and view all the answers

Retroviruses are unique in that they?

use RNA as a template to make DNA Signup and view all the answers

Prions are?

made of protein only Signup and view all the answers

Viroids characteristically are composed of?

ssRNA Signup and view all the answers

Enveloped viruses?

have a lipid bilayer membrane containing various proteins Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bacteriophages

Viruses that infect bacteria are called bacteriophages.
A phage that replicates in a host and causes lysis during release is known as a virulent or lytic phage.
Temperate phages can either cause lysis or integrate their DNA into the host's genome.

Virus Structure and Composition

The capsid determines the shape of a virus.
The protein projections on the surface of viruses, called spikes, facilitate attachment to host cells.
Enveloped viruses have a lipid bilayer membrane similar to the eukaryotic cytoplasmic membrane.

Viral Infection Process

Phage infection follows this sequence: attachment, penetration, transcription, replication of nucleic acid and protein, assembly, and release.
During infection, the nucleic acid of a bacteriophage enters the host cell through its wall.

Phage Mechanics

Phages produce enzymes sequentially to prepare the host cell for viral replication.
Assembly of T4 phage can occur through self-assembly or by utilizing scaffolds.

Characteristics and Behavior of Viruses

Outside living cells, viruses are metabolically inert.
Retroviruses uniquely utilize RNA to synthesize DNA from their genetic material.
If a phage lacks critical DNA for replication, it is termed defective.

Host Cell Interaction

A significant limiting factor for viral infection in animal cells is the presence of specific receptor molecules on the host cell surface.
The nucleocapsid of a virus consists of either DNA or RNA and protein.

Non-viral Infectious Agents

Prions are infectious agents composed solely of protein.
Viroids consist of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA).

Applications of Phages

Utilizing phages for bacterial infection treatment is a potential solution to the growing issue of antibiotic resistance.
Filamentous phage example includes M13.

Viral Assembly and Envelopes

Enveloped viruses derive their envelopes from the host cell's cytoplasmic membrane as they exit.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge of microbiology with these flashcards focusing on bacteriophages and their characteristics. Each card provides essential definitions and terminology related to viruses that infect bacteria. Perfect for enhancing your understanding of virus structure and functioning.