Bacteriophages and Viruses Overview

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Questions and Answers

The ______ of a bacteriophage is a contractile structure responsible for injecting viral DNA into the host bacterium.

tail sheath

All bacteriophages have an envelope.

False (B)

What is the function of the tail fibers in a bacteriophage?

To provide structural support
To attach to the host bacterium (correct)
To inject DNA into the host cell
To replicate the viral DNA

What is the name given to the protein coat that surrounds the bacteriophage's genetic material?

Capsid Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of a bacteriophage with their corresponding descriptions:

Head = Contains the viral DNA or RNA Collar = Connects the head and the tail sheath Tail Sheath = Contractile structure for injecting viral DNA Base Plate = Complex structure at the end of the tail fibers Tail Fibers = Aid attachment to the bacterial cell Signup and view all the answers

Viruses are considered living organisms because they can reproduce.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the protein coat surrounding a virus's core of DNA or RNA called?

Capsid (A) Signup and view all the answers

Viruses are ______ because they lack cellular structures like a nucleus, ribosomes, or mitochondria.

non-cellular Signup and view all the answers

Explain why viruses are considered non-living organisms.

Viruses are considered non-living organisms because they cannot reproduce outside of a host cell. They also lack cellular structures like a nucleus, ribosomes, or mitochondria. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

Non-living = Viruses do not possess the characteristics of living organisms, such as metabolism or independent reproduction. Small = Viruses are significantly smaller than bacteria and can only be seen with an electron microscope. Basic structure = Viruses consist of a core of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed within a protein coat called a capsid. Non-cellular = Viruses lack the cellular components found in living organisms, such as a nucleus, ribosomes, or mitochondria. Signup and view all the answers

How is the rabies virus primarily transmitted?

Through the saliva of an infected animal (A) Signup and view all the answers

Rabies can only affect wild animals, not domestic animals.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the symptom where a rabies patient has difficulty swallowing and breathing?

Dysphagia Signup and view all the answers

A common symptom of rabies is a fear of water, also known as ______.

hydrophobia Signup and view all the answers

Match the following rabies prevention methods with their descriptions:

Vaccination of animals = Administering vaccines to animals susceptible to rabies. Immunization of people = Providing vaccines to individuals at risk of exposure to rabies. Training of people = Educating individuals on how to avoid rabies and handle animals safely. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following shapes is NOT a common shape for bacteria?

Amoeba (B) Signup and view all the answers

Bacteria reproduce sexually by binary fission.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the irregular loop of DNA found in bacteria?

Nucleoid Signup and view all the answers

Bacteria that obtain energy from sunlight are called ______ bacteria.

photosynthetic Signup and view all the answers

Which of these shapes is NOT a common type of bacteria?

Cuboid (D) Signup and view all the answers

Heterotrophic bacteria can produce their own food.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method for preventing this disease?

Using antibiotics to treat infected individuals (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for bacteria that use chemical energy to produce food?

Chemosynthetic bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Treatment for this disease should begin only after symptoms appear.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Bacteria that obtain nutrients from other living organisms, often causing harm, are called ______ bacteria.

parasitic Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of bacteria with their descriptions:

Autotrophic bacteria = Produce their own food Photosynthetic bacteria = Use sunlight for energy Chemosynthetic bacteria = Use chemical energy to produce food Heterotrophic bacteria = Cannot produce their own food Parasitic bacteria = Obtain nutrients from other living organisms, causing harm Saprotrophic bacteria = Feed on dead organic matter Signup and view all the answers

What are two ways that health workers and veterinarians can help prevent the spread of this disease?

Train healthcare workers and veterinarians on how to recognize and respond to the disease, and ensure that proper disposal procedures are followed for infected animals. Signup and view all the answers

One of the treatments for this disease involves a ______.

blood transfusion Signup and view all the answers

Match the following prevention methods with their corresponding target groups:

Vaccination of animals and livestock = Animals in areas where the disease is found Immunization of people with high-risk occupations = Veterinarians and other healthcare workers Immunization of travelers = People traveling to areas where the disease is found Training of health workers and veterinarians = Healthcare professionals Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of cholera?

Vibrio cholerae bacteria (D) Signup and view all the answers

Cholera is primarily found in areas with clean water and good sanitation.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

The treatment for cholera typically involves _______ and antibiotics.

rehydration Signup and view all the answers

What are two key aspects of managing cholera outbreaks?

Proper sanitation and access to clean water Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of a bacterial cell with their descriptions:

Cell wall = Provides structural support and protection Cell membrane = Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell Ribosomes = Synthesize proteins Capsule = Offers protection and helps bacteria adhere to surfaces Flagellum = Used for locomotion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of cholera?

Fever (D) Signup and view all the answers

Antibiotics are the only treatment for cholera.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important step in treating cholera?

Rehydration Signup and view all the answers

Boiling water before drinking helps prevent cholera by killing the ______ that cause the disease.

bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Match the following prevention methods with their corresponding descriptions:

Access to clean drinking water = Ensures the water source is free from cholera bacteria Proper sanitation = Reduces the risk of contamination from fecal matter Washing items touched by cholera patients = Prevents the spread of the bacteria through contaminated surfaces Educating people about hygiene = Promotes awareness and encourages practices to prevent infection Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Non-living

Viruses are not classified as living organisms due to their inability to reproduce outside a host.

Structure of viruses

Viruses consist of a core of DNA or RNA encased in a protein coat called a capsid.

Size of viruses

Viruses are extremely small in size, making them difficult to detect without specialized equipment.

Non-cellular

Viruses lack cellular structures like a nucleus, ribosomes, or mitochondria, distinguishing them from living cells.