40 Questions
What type of cells are trypanosomes?
Hemoflagellates
Which disease is caused by Trypanosoma brucei?
Sleeping sickness
What is the vector of Trypanosoma brucei?
Tsetse fly
Where is Trypanosoma brucei gambiense commonly found?
West and Central Africa
What is the morphology of Trypanosoma brucei in the blood of the vertebrate host?
Polymorphic, with three forms
What is the location of the kinetoplast in Trypanosoma brucei?
Posterior end
What is the stage of Trypanosoma that penetrates the blood vessel endothelium and invades extravascular tissues?
Long slender form
What is the stage of Trypanosoma that is highly motile, short and stumpy?
Non-dividing metacyclic form
What is the stage of Trypanosoma that has no free flagellum?
Short stumpy form
What is the site of inoculation where Trypanosoma multiply by binary fission?
Site of inoculation
What is the stage of Trypanosoma that is introduced into the mammalian host through the saliva of the vector tsetse fly?
Metacyclic trypomastigote
In which part of the invertebrate host do the parasites develop into epimastigotes and attach to the cells of the glands?
Salivary glands
What is the primary function of serologic techniques such as indirect fluorescent antibody test and ELISA?
To detect antibody in the sera
What is the drug of choice for treating early stage trypanosomiasis?
Pentamidine
Where is Trypanosoma brucei Rhodesiense commonly found?
East Africa
What is the morphology of trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi?
C-shape
What is the habitat of amastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi?
All of the above
What is the name of the disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi?
Chagas disease
What is the site of differentiation of trypomastigotes into intracellular amastigotes?
Near the site of inoculation
What is the stage of Trypanosoma cruzi that attaches to the epithelium in the reduviid bug?
Metacyclic trypomastigote
In which stage of the Trypanosoma cruzi life cycle does binary fission occur?
Amastigote
What is the duration of the development of Trypanosoma cruzi in the reduviid bug?
10-15 days
What is the fate of trypomastigotes in the bloodstream?
They do not replicate
What is the site of multiplication of epimastigotes in the reduviid bug?
Hindgut
What is the result of local replication of parasites and the influx of fluid and inflammatory cells into the infected area during acute infection?
Localised swelling and erythema
How do trypanosomes disseminate throughout the body after the amastigotes transform into trypomastigotes?
By escaping host cells and entering the bloodstream
What is the result of chronic infection in the gastrointestinal tract?
Massive dilatation of the esophagus and/or colon
What is the purpose of xenodiagnosis in the diagnosis of Chagas disease?
To detect epimastigotes in the faeces, hemolymph, hindgut, and salivary glands of the bugs
What is the characteristic of cardiac involvement in chronic Chagas disease?
Fibrosis within the heart muscle
What is the characteristic of the tissue parasites during the chronic phase of Chagas disease?
Difficult to detect
What is the primary site of invasion by trypomastigotes in the human host?
Cells near the site of inoculation
What is the fate of trypomastigotes that enter the circulation?
They do not replicate
What is the stage of Trypanosoma that is released into the circulation after multiplication by binary fission?
Trypomastigotes
What is the location of the development of epimastigotes in the reduviid bug?
Midgut
What is the duration of the development of Trypanosoma cruzi in the reduviid bug?
10-15 days
What is the stage of Trypanosoma that is infectious to the human host?
Metacyclic trypomastigotes
What is the site of transformation of trypomastigotes into amastigotes in the human host?
Cells near the site of inoculation
What is the mode of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi to the reduviid bug?
Through the blood of an infected animal
What is the fate of metacyclic trypomastigotes in the reduviid bug?
They go with the faeces of the bug
What is the site of attachment of epimastigotes in the reduviid bug?
Epithelium
Test your knowledge on Trypanosomes, a type of hemoflagellates that cause trypanosomiasis, a vector-borne disease. Learn about the different subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi, and their effects on human hosts. Explore the habitat and characteristics of these microorganisms.
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