LEC.2 Trypanosoma spp. and African Trypanosomiasis
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Questions and Answers

Where in the triatomine insect does the differentiation into epimastigotes occur?

  • Legs
  • Wings
  • Salivary glands
  • Midgut (correct)
  • What is the term for the swelling and erythema resulting from the local replication of parasites at the site of the insect bite(triatomine bug)?

  • Lymphadenopathy
  • Chagoma (correct)
  • Megacolon
  • Romana's sign
  • Which form of T.cruzi infects any nucleated cell in the vertebrate host but has a predilection for muscle, especially the heart and gastrointestinal tract?

  • Amastigote (correct)
  • Trypomastigote
  • Epimastigote
  • Promastigote
  • Which agents can suppress parasitemia and cure the acute phase of Chagas' disease in 60-80% of cases?

    <p>Nifurtimox and benznidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of T.cruzi is liberated in the blood, causing lysis of infected cells and dissemination throughout the body via the bloodstream?

    <p>Trypomastigote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the massive dilatation of the esophagus and/or colon due to parasympathetic denervation caused by chronic T.cruzi infection?

    <p>Megacolon/megaesophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why developing a protective vaccine against African trypanosomes has been unsuccessful?

    <p>Antigenic variation of the most abundant surface glycoprotein VSG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei is more prevalent in Eastern Africa and mostly results in acute lethal human infections?

    <p>Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic symptom of the second (encephalitic) stage of human African trypanosomiasis?

    <p>Disturbed circadian rhythms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Trypanosomiasis transmitted to mammalian hosts?

    <p>Through the bite of a tsetse fly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of wild animals in the transmission of Trypanosomiasis?

    <p>They serve as reservoirs for the live parasite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the trypomastigotes that enter the midgut of the tsetse fly?

    <p>They become epimastigotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do long slender forms of trypomastigotes enter extravascular tissues in mammalian hosts?

    <p>By penetrating blood vessel endothelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of transmission for Trypanosoma spp. in tsetse flies?

    <p>During blood meals from infected hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

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