Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following viruses causes slapped cheek appearance, gloves and stocking syndrome?
Which of the following viruses causes slapped cheek appearance, gloves and stocking syndrome?
What is the shape of the Ebola virus?
What is the shape of the Ebola virus?
Which of the following viruses is double-stranded and has 11 segments?
Which of the following viruses is double-stranded and has 11 segments?
Which of the following parasites causes kala-azar with organomegaly?
Which of the following parasites causes kala-azar with organomegaly?
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Which of the following diagnostic tests is used to detect Epstein-Barr virus infection?
Which of the following diagnostic tests is used to detect Epstein-Barr virus infection?
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What is the size range of Cryptosporidium, a parasite that can cause diarrhea in immunocompromised patients?
What is the size range of Cryptosporidium, a parasite that can cause diarrhea in immunocompromised patients?
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What is the characteristic appearance of the liver abscess caused by Entamoeba histolytica?
What is the characteristic appearance of the liver abscess caused by Entamoeba histolytica?
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Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite?
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Which of the following is the recommended treatment for Balantidium coli infection?
Which of the following is the recommended treatment for Balantidium coli infection?
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What is the characteristic motility pattern of Giardia lamblia trophozoites?
What is the characteristic motility pattern of Giardia lamblia trophozoites?
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Which of the following is a distinctive feature of Trichomonas vaginalis?
Which of the following is a distinctive feature of Trichomonas vaginalis?
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Study Notes
- Microbiology revision for NEET PG 2023 will cover high-yielding topics like parasitology, bacteriology, and virology in an image-based session.
- Starting with parasitology, focusing on Entamoeba histolytica, known for causing flask-shaped ulcers and anchovy sauce appearance in the liver.
- Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites show cartwheel-shaped nuclei, erythrophagocytosis of red blood cells, and cysts with chromatoid bodies composed of ribonucleoproteins.
- Treatment for Entamoeba histolytica includes metronidazole and paromomycin.
- Balantidium coli is a large ciliated parasite causing diarrhea, identified by its binucleated trophozoites and cysts with bean-shaped nuclei.
- Treatment for Balantidium coli involves tetracycline or metronidazole.
- Giardia lamblia, known as the "angry old man," presents with two nuclei in trophozoites, four pairs of flagella, and falling leaf motility in the duodenal lumen.
- Treatment for Giardia lamblia includes metronidazole or 2g tinidazole.
- Trichomonas vaginalis, the "fashionable auntie," causes strawberry cervix, only presents as trophozoites with twitching motility, and is treated with metronidazole.
- Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease, presenting with a C-shaped organism, Romana's sign, megaesophagus (achalasia cardia), transmitted by the triatomine reduviid bug.
- Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and rhodesiense cause sleeping sickness, with gambiense in East Africa and rhodesiense in West Africa, treated with pentamidine and suramin respectively.
- Leishmania causes kala-azar with organomegaly, diagnosed by LD bodies in macrophages, treated with liposomal amphotericin B and miltefosine.
- Immunocompromised patients with diarrhea may have Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, or Isospora infections.
- Cryptosporidium is 4-6 microns in size, Cyclospora is 8-12 microns, and Isospora may also be referred to as Cystoisospora.- Diarrhea is caused by adenovirus 4041 strains.
- Shapes of viruses: bullet, kills; rabies, kills; Corona, crown-like; box, heavy with dumbbell DNA; tobacco mosaic virus, cigarette-like or rod-shaped; rotating wheel, Rota virus; star, Astro virus; bowl of spaghetti, Ebola; alien, adenovirus.
- DNA viruses rule: all double-stranded except Parvo virus which is single-stranded and the smallest.
- RNA viruses rule: all have one copy, single-stranded, unsegmented except Reo virus with two copies and double-stranded RNA.
- Exceptions for RNA viruses: Rotavirus (Reo virus) with 11 segments, Arena virus with two segments.
- DNA viruses summary: Parvovirus B19 causes slapped cheek appearance, gloves and stocking syndrome, joint pain, red cell aplasia.
- Herpes viruses: multi-nucleation, molding, margination, Cowdry A inclusions in Zang smear.
- Epstein-Barr virus: infects B cells via cd21 CR2 receptor, releases LMP1, Ebna 2, interleukin 10 causing infectious mononucleosis, glandular fever.
- Downy cells in infectious mononucleosis are cd8 T cells resembling ballerinas.
- Diagnostic tests for Epstein-Barr virus include the monospot test.
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Description
Prepare for NEET PG 2023 with a high-yielding revision session covering parasitology, bacteriology, and virology topics such as Entamoeba histolytica, Balantidium coli, Giardia lamblia, Trypanosoma species, Leishmania, and viral shapes and characteristics.
