Microbiology Quiz: Yeast and Fungi
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Microbiology Quiz: Yeast and Fungi

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Questions and Answers

What is the mortality rate associated with the mentioned resistant yeast?

  • 25%
  • 30%
  • 35% (correct)
  • 20%

    • Candida albicans is only an opportunistic pathogen in healthy individuals.

    False

    Which yeast is commonly used to leaven bread?

    Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    Pneumocystis jirovecii is classified as a yeast form of ______.

    <p>ascomycete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following fungi with their associated characteristics:

    <p>Candida albicans = Opportunistic pathogen in humans Aspergillus = Filamentous fungus found in soil Cryptococcus neoformans = Basidiomycete yeast Blastomyces dermatitidis = Causes blastomycosis pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fungi can exhibit dimorphism?

    <p>Candida albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aspergillus can cause allergic reactions and may form fungus balls in immunocompromised individuals.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process do haploid yeast cells undergo in a nutrient-limited environment to reproduce sexually?

    <p>Fertilization to form gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diploid cells of yeast may undergo ______ to regenerate haploid cells.

    <p>meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is caused by Trypanosomes?

    <p>Chagas disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most amebas are pathogenic to humans.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary human pathogen associated with Balantidia?

    <p>Balantidium coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The flow of nutrients through the cytoplasm in amebas is mediated by _______ proteins.

    <p>actin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following protozoa with their associated diseases:

    <p>Entamoeba histolytica = Ameobiasis Giardia lamblia = Giardiasis Trypanosoma brucei = African sleeping sickness Trichomonas vaginalis = Trichomoniasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pathogen causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis?

    <p>Naegleria fowleri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Algae are primarily pathogenic to humans.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one type of arthropod that can directly infect humans.

    <p>Scabies mites or lice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The disease caused by the protozoa __________ is characterized by severe dysentery.

    <p>Entamoeba histolytica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genus of protozoa is known for causing Giardia?

    <p>Giardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is characteristic of filamentous amebas like foraminiferans?

    <p>Thin needle-like pseudopods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Entamoeba histolytica can remain viable for many weeks in contaminated water.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of illness is caused by Entamoeba histolytica?

    <p>Intestinal illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The shells formed by foraminiferans are made of __________.

    <p>calcium carbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Entamoeba histolytica = Causes dysentery and can invade other organs Entamoeba dispar = Nonpathogenic and closely related to E. histolytica Wheatley's trichrome stain = Staining method for detecting protozoa Cysts = Dormant forms of amebas that are resistant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can amebic infections be avoided?

    <p>By using filtered water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A healthy host can eliminate amoebic infection within one month.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes dysentery that requires identification of pathogens?

    <p>Different pathogens and viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cysts exit the body through the __________ route.

    <p>oral fecal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stain reveals the amounts of parasites, human cells, and fecal material?

    <p>Wheatley's trichrome stain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What disease is primarily caused by Naegleria fowleri?

    <p>Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Paromomycin targets the small subunit RNA of bacteria.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of nematodes?

    <p>They have a cylindrical shape with a digestive tube that ends in an anus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of how Naegleria fowleri enters the human body?

    <p>Through the nose during swimming in contaminated water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Caenorhabditis elegans is a free-living nematode considered important for studying human development.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acanthamoeba may contaminate contact lens cleaning solutions, causing __________.

    <p>keratitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following amoebas with their associated diseases:

    <p>Naegleria fowleri = Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis Acanthamoeba = Keratitis Legionella pneumophila = Legionellosis Balantidium coli = Dysentery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most prevalent helminth infection in the US and Europe?

    <p>Pinworms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nematodes are often referred to as ______ due to their round shape.

    <p>roundworms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of infection from Naegleria fowleri?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the helminths with their descriptions:

    <p>Pinworms = Infect only humans, cause perianal irritation Caenorhabditis elegans = Model organism for human development studies Nematodes = Roundworms with a complete digestive system Enterobius vermicularis = Species of pinworm that is prevalent in humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ciliates utilize cilia solely for movement.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do host fingernails contribute to the spread of pinworm eggs?

    <p>They pick up eggs during scratching of the anus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pathogens do free-living amoebas host that can lead to pneumonia?

    <p>Legionella pneumophila</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cilia act as __________ and allow ciliates to propel themselves and acquire food.

    <p>organelles for cell propulsion and food acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of cilia?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Yeast

    • Single-celled fungi with rapid growth and dispersal in aqueous environments.
    • Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used in bread making, wine, and beer brewing.
    • Candida albicans is a common inhabitant of the human vaginal biota, but can also be an opportunistic pathogen causing infections like thrush.
    • Some fungi can switch between yeast and filamentous forms based on their environment, known as dimorphism.
      • Blastomyces dermatitidis causes blastomycosis, a type of pneumonia, and exhibits dimorphism.
    • Pneumocystis jirovecii is an ascomycete yeast.
    • Cryptococcus neoformans is a basidiomycete yeast.

    Filamentous Fungi

    • Aspergillus is a filamentous fungus belonging to the ascomycete group.
    • Aspergillus spores can cause allergic reactions in the lungs and can lead to fungal balls in immunocompromised individuals.

    Protozoa

    • Amebas are voracious predators that consume protists and bacteria.
    • Divided into two major groups:
      • Lobed amebas: have bulky pseudopods formed by cytoplasmic streaming.
      • Filamentous amebas: have thin, needle-like pseudopods.
    • Entamoeba histolytica is a common amoeba causing intestinal illness, particularly in developing countries.
      • Ingested cysts reach the intestine and turn into trophozoites.
      • Symptoms include dysentery.
      • Can invade the liver, lungs, and other organs, leading to systemic infections with high mortality.

    Dysentery

    • Shigella is another pathogen causing dysentery.
    • Entamoeba histolytica can be distinguished from the closely related nonpathogen Entamoeba dispar by microscopic examination and specific stains like Wheatley's trichrome stain.

    Amoebic Meningoencephalitis

    • Caused by Naegleria fowleri and Balamuthia mandrillaris.
    • Amebas enter the body through the nose during swimming in contaminated water.
    • They travel up to the brain via the olfactory bulb, leading to neurological symptoms like headache, fever, and seizures.
    • Difficult to treat due to the amoeba's location in the brain.

    Acanthamoeba

    • Free-living soil amebas can contaminate contact lens cleaning solutions, causing keratitis.
    • They can form cysts and are resistant to antibiotics.

    Ciliates

    • Covered in cilia - short, hair-like organelles composed of microtubules.
    • Consume algae and smaller protists.
    • Balantidium coli is a ciliate causing dysentery.
    • Cilia play a critical role in:
      • Cell propulsion: coordinated beating waves push the cell forward.
      • Food acquisition: generate water currents into the oral groove, bringing food into the cell.
      • Paramecium is a well-studied ciliate that feeds on bacteria by capturing them in its oral groove and digesting them within digestive vacuoles.

    Helminths

    • Parasitic worms, with fully differentiated organs.
    • They include three categories:
      • Nematodes: cylindrical, with a digestive tube ending in an anus.
      • Trematodes: flatworms with a digestive system with a single opening.
      • Cestodes: tapeworms with a body composed of proglottids.
    • Pinworms are small white nematodes infecting only humans.
      • They infect through ingestion of contaminated fingers.
      • The female worms migrate to the anus, releasing eggs.
      • Cause itching and spread through scratching.

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