Molds, Fungi, & Yeast Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Most of the fungal species are classified into three divisions based on _____

the type of sexual spore produced

Zygomycota produce zygosporangia, Ascomycota produce ascospores, and Basidiomycota produce basidiospores.

True

Fungi and insects both use the nitrogenous polysaccharide ________ as a protective molecule in their outer surfaces.

chitin

Organisms such as fungi that absorb nutrients from dead organisms are called ________.

saprobes Signup and view all the answers

The ________ is the entire interwoven mass of one multicellular fungal organism.

mycelium Signup and view all the answers

The asexual spores of molds are classified according to their _____

mode of development Signup and view all the answers

The first eukaryote to have its entire genome sequenced was the fungus?

Saccharomyces Signup and view all the answers

Hyphae are associated with _____.

molds Signup and view all the answers

The division Basidiomycota includes which of the following types of fungi?

Mushrooms Signup and view all the answers

The ___________ include organisms classified as Deuteromycetes.

fungi Signup and view all the answers

Fungi reproduce only asexually.

False Signup and view all the answers

Diseases of animals caused by fungi are called mycoses.

True Signup and view all the answers

An unknown organism is a saprobe, gathers nutrients by absorption, lacks chlorophyll, has cell walls, and is coenocytic. In which group is it most likely to be classified?

fungi Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between yeast and mold?

Yeast is unicellular, while mold is multicellular. Signup and view all the answers

The 4 fungi divisions are _____

Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Deuteromycetes Signup and view all the answers

What is Zygomycota?

Common mold growing in soil, decaying plant or animal material; produces sporangiospores & zygospores; has aseptate hyphae. Signup and view all the answers

What is Ascomycota/Basidiomycota?

Sac fungi or Ascomycetes; have separate hyphae. Basidiomycota includes mushrooms that produce basidiospores. Signup and view all the answers

What is Deuteromycetes?

No known sexual spore; all are Ascomycota. Signup and view all the answers

What is Aspergillus?

Mold that produces phialospores & looks like firework trees. Signup and view all the answers

What is scopulariopsis?

Mold that produces porospores and looks like dots in a chain. Signup and view all the answers

What is hormodendrum?

Mold that produces porospores and is very dark colored. Signup and view all the answers

What is penicillium notatum?

Mold that produces phialospores and looks like a flower with dots stacked on dots. Signup and view all the answers

What is rhizopus stolonifer?

Looks like a balloon. Signup and view all the answers

What is hyphae?

The branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi. Signup and view all the answers

What does the hyphae make up?

The mycelium. Signup and view all the answers

What is vegetative hyphae?

Secrete enzymes that break down complex carbohydrates. Signup and view all the answers

What are cadiospores?

Naked spores. Signup and view all the answers

What are phialospores?

These asexual naked spores are produced on specialized cells called sterigmata. Signup and view all the answers

What are sporangiospores?

They are formed within a sporangium, or sac, at the end of an aerial hypha called a sporangiophore. Signup and view all the answers

Molds are?

Multi-cellular with mycelia; vegetative hyphae are the thallus (non-reproductive); aerial hyphae are reproductive. Signup and view all the answers

What is Candida albicans?

Mitosis; long filament; pseudohypha; test in serum and they produce a growing germ tube. Signup and view all the answers

Fungi yeasts are?

Unicellular; reproduce asexually by budding, some produce sexual spores. Signup and view all the answers

What type of mold spores does Penicillium notatum produce?

Phialospores Signup and view all the answers

What do you use to stain mold?

Lactophenol cotton blue Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fungal Classification

Fungi are categorized into three divisions based on the type of sexual spore produced.
Key divisions: Zygomycota (zygosporangia), Ascomycota (ascospores), and Basidiomycota (basidiospores).

Fungal Characteristics

Chitin is a nitrogenous polysaccharide found in the outer surfaces of fungi and insects.
Saprobes are organisms that absorb nutrients from decaying matter.
Mycelium refers to the entire interwoven mass of a multicellular fungal organism.
Hyphae are threadlike tubes that make up the body structure of molds.

Fungal Reproduction

Fungi are capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction.
Asexual spores of molds are classified by their mode of development.

Key Fungal Groups

Basidiomycota includes fungi such as mushrooms and truffles.
Deuteromycetes represent fungi that do not produce known sexual spores.
Common mold (Zygomycota) thrives in soil and decaying organic material.

Notable Fungi

Saccharomyces was the first eukaryote to have its entire genome sequenced.
Aspergillus generates phialospores and resembles a firework display.
Scopulariopsis produces porospores and appears as dots in a chain.

Sexual and Asexual Spores

Candiospores are naked spores without protective structures.
Phialospores are asexual naked spores produced on specialized cells called sterigmata.
Sporangiospores are formed within a sporangium at the end of an aerial hypha (sporangiophore) and can originate from Rhizopus.

General Fungal Structure

Molds are multicellular and exhibit different types of hyphae: vegetative (thallus) and aerial (reproductive).
Vegetative hyphae secrete enzymes to break down complex carbohydrates.

Staining and Identification

Lactophenol cotton blue is used to stain mold samples for microscopic examination.

Unique Characteristics of Yeasts

Yeasts are unicellular fungi reproducing asexually by budding but can also form sexual spores.
Candida albicans can develop pseudohyphae and produce germ tubes during serum testing.

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Description

Test your knowledge on molds, fungi, and yeast with these flashcards. Learn about their classifications based on spore production, and explore the similarities between fungi and insects. Perfect for biology students seeking to reinforce their understanding of this fascinating kingdom.