Microbiology Quiz on Viruses and Microbes

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The study of microorganisms is called ______.

microbiology

Archaea are very ancient prokaryotic microbes that commonly live in ______ environments.

extreme

Eubacteria are considered to be more advanced than ______ microbes.

Archaea

Eukaryota includes all life forms with ______ cells.

eukaryotic Signup and view all the answers

Approximately ______ million species have been found and described on Earth.

1.75 Signup and view all the answers

Viruses have no ______ structure, unlike other organisms.

cellular Signup and view all the answers

Viruses spend their life cycle inside a living ______.

host Signup and view all the answers

Viruses are composed of particles, not ______.

cells Signup and view all the answers

No nutrition, respiration, or ______ activities have been discovered in viruses.

metabolic Signup and view all the answers

The ability of viruses to multiply depends on their presence inside other living ______.

organisms Signup and view all the answers

Viruses share similar chemical compositions to many living organisms, including genes and ______.

plastids Signup and view all the answers

Every virus possesses its own unique ______ and phenotype.

genotype Signup and view all the answers

Viruses can undergo mutations and are susceptible to ______ in a manner like other living organisms.

shocks Signup and view all the answers

Viruses infect cells, causing specific ______ that can reappear when introduced to healthy organisms.

symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Viruses have the ability to catalyze production of ______ compounds within host cells.

chemical Signup and view all the answers

Cells can be classified into two major branches: ______ and Eukaryotic.

Prokaryotic Signup and view all the answers

______ is a category under Prokaryotic cells.

Bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Eukaryotic cells include categories such as ______ and Animals.

Plants Signup and view all the answers

A type of capsule found in bacteria is called a ______ or microcapsule.

glycocalyx Signup and view all the answers

______ is a category that falls under Eukaryotic cells and includes mushrooms.

Fungi Signup and view all the answers

The highest level of classification in the diagram is ______.

CELL Signup and view all the answers

Capsules help cells stick to ______.

surfaces Signup and view all the answers

Capsules protect bacterial cells from engulfment by predatory protozoa or white blood cells, also known as ______.

phagocytes Signup and view all the answers

Capsules are generally made up of ______; sometimes, they also contain amino sugars or peptides.

polysaccharides Signup and view all the answers

Capsules protect certain soil bacteria cells from the harmful effects of drying or ______.

desiccation Signup and view all the answers

The Gram-negative bacterial cell wall is relatively ______, about 10 nanometers thick.

thin Signup and view all the answers

The cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria is composed of a single layer of ______.

peptidoglycan Signup and view all the answers

The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria contains a unique component called ______.

lipopolysaccharide Signup and view all the answers

The outer membrane is a ______ structure.

membranous Signup and view all the answers

LPS is also known as ______.

endotoxin Signup and view all the answers

The bacterial cell wall is a unique type of ______.

peptidoglycan Signup and view all the answers

Peptidoglycan is a polymer of sugar (glycan) linked by short chains of ______.

amino acids Signup and view all the answers

The bacterial cell wall provides strength and ______ to the cell.

rigidity Signup and view all the answers

All bacterial peptidoglycans contain ______, which is a definitive component of murein.

N-acetylmuramic acid Signup and view all the answers

The bacterial cell wall is permeable to various ______.

molecules Signup and view all the answers

The cell wall provides strength and rigidity to the cell and is permeable to ______.

solutes Signup and view all the answers

Bacterial murein is a unique type of ______, which is a polymer of sugars and glycans.

peptidoglycan Signup and view all the answers

Capsules are generally composed of ______; rarely they contain amino sugars or peptides.

polysaccharides Signup and view all the answers

A type of capsule found in bacteria is called a glycocalyx or ______.

microcapsule Signup and view all the answers

Capsules protect bacterial cells from engulfment by predatory protozoa or white blood cells known as ______.

phagocytes Signup and view all the answers

Gram-positive bacteria have a cell wall that is ______ thick, ranging from 15 to 80 nanometers.

thick Signup and view all the answers

In Gram-negative bacteria, the cell wall contains a unique component called ______, which is toxic to animals.

lipopolysaccharide Signup and view all the answers

The glycan backbone of peptidoglycan in Gram-negative bacteria is made up of alternating molecules of N-acetylglucosamine (G) and ______.

N-acetylmuramic acid (M) Signup and view all the answers

Gram-positive bacteria have a cell wall that is ______, consisting of several layers of peptidoglycan.

thick Signup and view all the answers

The glycan backbone of peptidoglycan is made up of alternating molecules of N-acetylglucosamine (G) and ______.

N-acetylmuramic acid Signup and view all the answers

Gram-negative bacteria have a cell wall composed of a ______ layer of peptidoglycan.

single Signup and view all the answers

In Gram-negative bacteria, the outer membrane contains a toxic component known as ______.

lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Signup and view all the answers

Teichoic acids run perpendicular to the peptidoglycan sheets in the cell wall of ______ bacteria.

Gram-positive Signup and view all the answers

Teichoic acids, which are unique to Gram-positive bacteria, run ______ to the peptidoglycan sheets.

perpendicular Signup and view all the answers

The cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria is composed of a ______ layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by an outer membrane.

single Signup and view all the answers

Microorganism

A microscopic living organism, either single-celled or multicellular.

Microbiology

The study of microorganisms.