Microbiology Quiz on Mollicutes and Actinomycetes

<p>Nipped or 'fried-egg' shape (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Empirical penicillin therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Branching, elongated G+ rods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic cellulitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Penicillin G (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most cases of Nocardia infection are documented as outbreaks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through skin breaches due to environmental exposure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-positive, wall-deficient bacterium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soil and organic matter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are G- cocci. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through an attachment factor called P1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rigors and severe sweating (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aerobic and very slow-growing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To interfere with ciliary action and induce inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children aged 5 to 15 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atypical pneumonia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By droplet infection of nasopharyngeal secretions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viral respiratory infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Desquamation of the mucosal surface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 months or more (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staining colonies with a fluorescent probe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>L-forms result from impaired cell wall synthesis due to antibiotics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of extremely small colonies on agar (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lack traditional cell wall components. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It does not involve the formation of a septum. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They form very tiny colonies on agar plates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of high salt concentrations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>L-forms are restricted to specific bacterial species. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotic treatment and high salt concentration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have high concentrations of sterols. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absence of a cell wall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram stain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.15 u to 0.30 u (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vancomycin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facultatively anaerobic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gliding motility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sterols (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CARDS toxin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contains cholesterol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have unique DNA sequences distinct from known prokaryotes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Elongated, branching, slow-growing gram-positive rods that are often found in the oral and intestinal flora. They can cause chronic cellulitis and draining sinuses.

A disease caused by Actinomycetes characterized by chronic cellulitis and the formation of draining sinuses. Most infections are caused by A. israelii.

A genus of aerobic actinomycetes that are gram-positive, branching, filamentous bacteria. They are slow-growing, poorly stained, and can cause a variety of infections.

A type of Nocardia that is responsible for about 80% of noncutaneous (not skin-related) Nocardia infections, including systemic and CNS nocardiosis.

A type of Nocardia that is less common but more virulent than Nocardia asteroides complex. This makes it more difficult to treat with antibiotics.

Nocardia can be found in a wide range of environments, including soil, water, and organic matter. It is particularly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions.

Most cases of Nocardia infections are sporadic, meaning they don't spread easily from person to person. However, outbreaks can occur due to contamination of the hospital environment or medical equipment.

Nocardia infections can be difficult to treat because some strains are resistant to antibiotics. Penicillin G is a common treatment option, but it is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Mycoplasmas are unique bacteria lacking a rigid cell wall throughout their life cycle, making them smaller and adaptable than typical bacteria.

The absence of a cell wall in mycoplasmas makes them resistant to antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis, like penicillin and vancomycin.

Mycoplasmas are characterized by a tri-layered plasma membrane containing cholesterol, providing structural support and flexibility.

Mycoplasmas are believed to have evolved from Gram-positive bacteria through a process called reductive evolution, where they lost their cell wall.

The pleuropneumonia organism (PPO) was the first identified Mycoplasma species, linked to a respiratory disease in cattle.

Mycoplasmas are known for their small size, typically ranging from 0.15 to 0.30 micrometers in diameter.

Mycoplasmas are incredibly flexible in shape, appearing as spheres, rods, spirals, or even ring forms. This is due to their lack of rigid cell wall.

Mycoplasmas cannot be stained by Gram staining techniques because they lack a cell wall.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a common cause of respiratory infections, has a specialized attachment organelle called a terminal organelle.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae produces a toxin called CARDS toxin, which can cause respiratory problems.

A type of bacteria that causes pneumonia, tracheobronchitis, and pharyngitis. It is known for its slow growth and ability to attach to respiratory epithelium.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infects the respiratory system by attaching to the cilia and microvilli of epithelial cells using a protein called P1. It causes inflammation and destruction of epithelial cells, affecting the respiratory lining.

A characteristic of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is that a low dose of the bacteria can cause a mild form of pneumonia, often mistaken for a viral infection.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is usually spread through respiratory droplets released when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Close contact with infected individuals increases the risk of infection. It is common in crowded settings like schools and military groups.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae can cause a range of symptoms, including fever, cough, sore throat, headache, and chills. The cough is usually non-productive (without phlegm).

Mycoplasma pneumoniae can cause damage to the respiratory lining by producing a toxin called CARDS toxin. This toxin interferes with ciliary action and causes cells to weaken and detach.

A significant characteristic of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is its ability to persist in the body for extended periods, even after recovery. Individuals can remain carriers for weeks or months.

Although Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major cause of pneumonia in teenagers, it is uncommon in infants under 6 months of age. This suggests a window of vulnerability.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections do not show a distinct seasonality. People can get infected throughout the year, unlike some respiratory infections that peak during specific seasons.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections can be diagnosed by laboratory tests, such as culture and PCR. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, but some strains can develop resistance.

A type of bacterial infection that resembles inflammatory bowel disease, characterized by recurrent wounds or fistulas that fail to heal. It often involves the perianal region, the area surrounding the anus. This can be a tricky diagnosis and requires special imaging and treatment with antibiotics.

An infection of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These infections can occur anywhere along the urinary tract and can lead to abscess formation. Bladder involvement is often a complication of pelvic infections. The disease can be diagnosed with urine cultures and imaging studies.

A pelvic infection that can occur in women, often associated with the presence of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD). Classic symptoms are usually subtle and include fever, weight loss, abdominal pain, and abnormal vaginal bleeding.

A technique used to diagnose actinomycosis, involving the aspiration of infected material and subsequent microscopic examination. This helps to identify the characteristic sulfur granules, which are small, yellowish clumps of bacteria. A biopsy can also show characteristic club-shaped lesions. Penicillin is often the antibiotic of choice.

A group of bacteria characterized by the absence of a rigid cell wall, making them resistant to certain antibiotics like penicillin. This unique feature makes them difficult to fight and can cause various infections in humans and animals.

A type of bacterial infection, characterized by a lack of a rigid cell wall, that can be identified using fluorescently labelled antibodies.

A technique used to identify Mycoplasma pneumoniae by using probes that bind only to specific DNA sequences found in this bacterium.

Bacteria with altered, defective, or absent cell walls, often appearing as small, filterable, protoplasmic elements.

Bacterial forms that lack a rigid cell wall during at least a part of their life cycle, setting them apart from true Mycoplasma.

Diverse group of bacteria with similar morphology and growth characteristics, often referred to as PPLO (pleuropneumonia-like organisms).

A specific group of Mycoplasma that form very small colonies on agar plates, distinguishable by their tiny size.

The process of replication in these bacteria differs from typical bacteria, as they lack a rigid cell wall and use a different method of division.

Their lack of a rigid cell wall makes them resistant to certain antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis.

These bacteria can exhibit various shapes, depending on the environment and growth conditions. They can be spherical, filamentous, or even have a pleomorphic appearance.

Mycoplasma lack sterols, a key component found in the cytoplasmic membrane of other bacteria, further defining their unique characteristics.