Microbiology Quiz on Dysbiosis and Antibiotic Resistance

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following factors can lead to dysbiosis?

Antibiotic use (correct)

Increased fiber intake

Adequate sleep

Low sugar diet

Stress and lack of sleep can positively influence microbial diversity in the gut.

False

Name one disease associated with dysbiosis.

Metabolic Syndrome

A diet high in sugar and low in fiber can increase the growth of ______ and reduce beneficial bacteria.

pathobionts Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their association with dysbiosis:

Metabolic Syndrome = Linked to obesity and inflammation Inflammatory Bowel Disease = Chronic gut inflammation Colorectal Cancer = Promotes carcinogenesis Irritable Bowel Syndrome = Associated with reduced microbial diversity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of integrons in bacteria?

To capture and express genes Signup and view all the answers

Spontaneous mutations in bacteria can lead to increased antibiotic resistance.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of adaptive evolution in bacteria regarding antibiotic resistance?

It allows resistant bacteria to survive and propagate under selective pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Resistance genes are often located within large DNA segments called __________.

pathogenicity islands Signup and view all the answers

Match the genetic mechanisms used by bacteria to counteract antimicrobial agents with their descriptions:

Enzymatic degradation = Breaks down antibiotic molecules Target modification = Alters antibiotic binding sites Efflux pump activity = Pumps out antibiotics from the cell Biofilm formation = Creates a protective layer against antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mechanisms is NOT employed by bacteria to survive antibiotics?

Dendritic cell activation Signup and view all the answers

All viruses must have an immune evasion mechanism to cause disease in humans.

True Signup and view all the answers

Name one example of a mutation that confers resistance in bacteria.

Mutations in the rpoB gene confer resistance to rifampin. Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterium is primarily associated with maintaining a low pH in the vaginal and intestinal microbiomes?

Lactobacillus Signup and view all the answers

The skin microbiome is primarily found in the moist areas of the body.

False Signup and view all the answers

What process helps clear away trapped pathogens and particles in the respiratory tract?

Mucociliary clearance Signup and view all the answers

The primary bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract include _____ and Lactobacillus.

Bifidobacterium Signup and view all the answers

Match the following microbiome locations with their primary bacteria:

Skin = Staphylococcus epidermidis Respiratory Tract = Streptococcus Gastrointestinal Tract = Bacteroides Vaginal Microbiome = Lactobacillus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Staphylococcus epidermidis on the skin?

Provides a natural barrier against pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Dysbiosis refers to a balance of commensal bacteria that supports health.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name a primary bacterium found in the upper respiratory tract.

Neisseria Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of beta-lactams?

Inhibit cell wall synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Vancomycin is effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name two examples of bacteria that are susceptible to beta-lactams.

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus Signup and view all the answers

Aminoglycosides cause misreading of mRNA by binding to the ______ ribosomal subunit.

30S Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic class inhibits translocation during protein synthesis?

Macrolides Signup and view all the answers

Tetracyclines are considered narrow-spectrum antibiotics.

False Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism do glycopeptides use to inhibit bacterial growth?

They bind to D-Ala-D-Ala termini of peptidoglycan precursors. Signup and view all the answers

Match the antibiotic classes with their primary actions:

Beta-lactams = Inhibit cell wall synthesis Glycopeptides = Prevent cross-linking of peptidoglycan Aminoglycosides = Cause misreading of mRNA Macrolides = Inhibit translocation in protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic of bacteria within biofilms that affects antibiotic efficacy?

They are in a metabolically slow-growing state. Signup and view all the answers

Biofilms facilitate the vertical transfer of resistance genes among bacteria.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the two alternative enzymes related to sulfonamide and trimethoprim resistance?

dihydropteroate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase Signup and view all the answers

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. alters the peptidoglycan precursor from D-Ala-D-Ala to D-Ala-D-______.

Lac Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of horizontal gene transfer with their descriptions:

Conjugation = Transfer of plasmids through direct cell-to-cell contact Transformation = Uptake of free DNA from the environment Transduction = Transfer of DNA via bacteriophages Plasmids = Circular DNA that replicates independently of the chromosome Signup and view all the answers

Which mobile genetic element is known for moving resistance genes between DNA molecules?

Transposons Signup and view all the answers

Plasmids only carry a single resistance gene.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of bacteriophages in horizontal gene transfer?

They package and transfer bacterial DNA containing resistance genes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following viruses is an example of a Positive-Sense Single-Stranded RNA virus?

Poliovirus Signup and view all the answers

All single-stranded RNA viruses act as mRNA upon infection.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in Negative-Sense Single-Stranded RNA viruses?

To transcribe viral RNA into positive-sense RNA. Signup and view all the answers

The _____ virus is known to cause gastroenteritis, particularly in children.

Rotavirus Signup and view all the answers

Which type of virus uses reverse transcription to integrate into the host genome?

Retrovirus Signup and view all the answers

Match the virus with its associated disease:

B19 virus = Fifth disease Ebola virus = Hemorrhagic fever Poliovirus = Polio SARS-CoV-2 = COVID-19 Signup and view all the answers

What shape is the Rhabdovirus associated with rabies?

Bullet shape Signup and view all the answers

Circoviruses are known to cause diseases primarily in _ and _ .

pigs, birds Signup and view all the answers

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Test your knowledge on the factors leading to dysbiosis and the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. This quiz covers various aspects of microbial diversity, genetic mechanisms, and the impact of diet on bacterial communities. Dive into the world of microbiology and enhance your understanding of these critical topics.

Microbiology Quiz on Dysbiosis and Antibiotic Resistance

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Podcast

Questions and Answers

Which of the following factors can lead to dysbiosis?

Stress and lack of sleep can positively influence microbial diversity in the gut.

Name one disease associated with dysbiosis.

A diet high in sugar and low in fiber can increase the growth of ______ and reduce beneficial bacteria.

Match the following conditions with their association with dysbiosis:

What is the primary function of integrons in bacteria?

Spontaneous mutations in bacteria can lead to increased antibiotic resistance.

What is the significance of adaptive evolution in bacteria regarding antibiotic resistance?

Resistance genes are often located within large DNA segments called __________.

Match the genetic mechanisms used by bacteria to counteract antimicrobial agents with their descriptions:

Which of the following mechanisms is NOT employed by bacteria to survive antibiotics?

All viruses must have an immune evasion mechanism to cause disease in humans.

Name one example of a mutation that confers resistance in bacteria.

Which bacterium is primarily associated with maintaining a low pH in the vaginal and intestinal microbiomes?

The skin microbiome is primarily found in the moist areas of the body.

What process helps clear away trapped pathogens and particles in the respiratory tract?

The primary bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract include _____ and Lactobacillus.

Match the following microbiome locations with their primary bacteria:

What is the main function of Staphylococcus epidermidis on the skin?

Dysbiosis refers to a balance of commensal bacteria that supports health.

Name a primary bacterium found in the upper respiratory tract.

What is the primary action of beta-lactams?

Vancomycin is effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Name two examples of bacteria that are susceptible to beta-lactams.

Aminoglycosides cause misreading of mRNA by binding to the ______ ribosomal subunit.

Which antibiotic class inhibits translocation during protein synthesis?

Tetracyclines are considered narrow-spectrum antibiotics.

What mechanism do glycopeptides use to inhibit bacterial growth?

Match the antibiotic classes with their primary actions:

What is one characteristic of bacteria within biofilms that affects antibiotic efficacy?

Biofilms facilitate the vertical transfer of resistance genes among bacteria.

What are the two alternative enzymes related to sulfonamide and trimethoprim resistance?

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. alters the peptidoglycan precursor from D-Ala-D-Ala to D-Ala-D-______.

Match the following types of horizontal gene transfer with their descriptions:

Which mobile genetic element is known for moving resistance genes between DNA molecules?

Plasmids only carry a single resistance gene.

What is the role of bacteriophages in horizontal gene transfer?

Which of the following viruses is an example of a Positive-Sense Single-Stranded RNA virus?

All single-stranded RNA viruses act as mRNA upon infection.

What is the main function of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in Negative-Sense Single-Stranded RNA viruses?

The _____ virus is known to cause gastroenteritis, particularly in children.

Which type of virus uses reverse transcription to integrate into the host genome?

Match the virus with its associated disease:

What shape is the Rhabdovirus associated with rabies?

Circoviruses are known to cause diseases primarily in _____ and _____ .

Study Notes

No specific text or questions provided. Please provide the text or questions you would like summarized.

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