Microbiology Quiz on Bacterial Media and Stains

A type of agar plate specifically designed for the cultivation of Vibrio cholerae.

A type of medium used to grow Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a bacterium responsible for diphtheria.

A type of medium used to grow Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that commonly causes gastritis and ulcers.

A type of medium used to grow Mycobacterium, a genus of bacteria that includes the one responsible for tuberculosis.

A type of medium used to grow Bordetella pertussis, a bacteria that causes whooping cough.

A type of medium used in the lab that contains specific nutrients to support the growth of various bacteria. This medium is used in the laboratory without the addition of any extra supplements.

A type of medium designed to enhance the growth of fastidious organisms that require additional nutrients for survival. These mediums contain specific supplements added to the basic media.

This type of media allows visualization of metabolic differences between groups of bacteria based on how they grow and interact with the medium.

The process by which a bacterium acquires a new genetic trait through the uptake of naked DNA from its environment. The donor cell lyses, releasing a fragment of its DNA which can then be taken up by a recipient cell.

A group of bacteria that are part of the normal flora of the intestines and oral cavity. Majority produce gamma hemolysis.

A type of endocarditis that presents suddenly and aggressively, often in individuals without underlying heart problems. Involves native valves, commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

A type of endocarditis that develops gradually, often in individuals with underlying heart conditions. Involves native or prosthetic valves, and is commonly associated with Viridans streptococci.

A type of endocarditis that occurs after gastrointestinal surgery, often caused by Enterococcus.

A type of endocarditis that occurs in the presence of underlying conditions such as cancer or malnutrition. Often caused by Streptococcus bovis.

A type of bacteria commonly associated with acute endocarditis, particularly in native valves.

A type of bacteria commonly associated with endocarditis, particularly in prosthetic valves.

A type of bacteria that can cause endocarditis and is commonly associated with Marantic endocarditis.

Streptococci that tolerate the presence of hydrogen peroxide, including S. angionosus, S. salivarius, S. mutans, S. sanguis, and S. mitis.

A type of hemolysis where red blood cells are completely lysed around bacterial colonies, resulting in a clear zone on a blood agar plate.

Streptococci that lack the ability to produce hemolysins, resulting in no lysis of red blood cells on a blood agar plate.

The classification of streptococci based on their antigenic characteristics, using serologic methods to differentiate them.

The most important serotype of Streptococcus pyogenes, known for its ability to cause scarlet fever and other serious infections.

A type of Streptococcus commonly found in the vagina and rectum, particularly associated with neonatal infections.

A group of bacteria that withstand high salt concentrations, commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract.

A virulence factor of Streptococcus pyogenes, responsible for the characteristic scarlet fever rash.

These proteins help Neisseria gonorrhoeae evade the immune system by preventing the formation of phagolysosomes within neutrophils, thus preventing the bacteria from being killed.

Opa proteins are responsible for Neisseria gonorrhoeae adherence to both other bacterial cells and eukaryotic cells.

Rmp proteins help Neisseria gonorrhoeae evade the immune system by inducing the production of antibodies that block serum bactericidal activity against the bacteria.

Lipooligosaccharides (LOS) are found on the surface of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. They have endotoxic activity, meaning they can cause fever and inflammation.

IgA protease is an enzyme produced by Neisseria gonorrhoeae that breaks down IgA antibodies, which are important for mucosal immunity.

Beta-lactamase is an enzyme produced by Neisseria gonorrhoeae that breaks down penicillin and similar antibiotics.

Plasmids in Neisseria gonorrhoeae often carry genes that confer resistance to antibiotics, making treatment more challenging.

Meningococcal disease is usually caused by Neisseria meningitidis. This bacteria can cause serious infections like meningitis and septicemia.

The most common form of Neisseria meningitidis infection is asymptomatic carriage, meaning the bacteria are present in the body without causing symptoms.

Meningococcal disease develops when the bacteria enter the bloodstream, reach the meninges, and cause inflammation. The onset is rapid and can be fatal.

A type of food poisoning caused by Bacillus cereus, characterized by vomiting and abdominal cramps, with a shorter duration (8-10 hours). It is linked to heat-stable enterotoxin, similar to staphylococcal food poisoning.

A type of food poisoning caused by Bacillus cereus, characterized by diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal cramps, lasting longer (20-36 hours). It is associated with heat-labile enterotoxin, resembling clostridial gastroenteritis.

A potent neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, which causes paralysis by blocking the release of acetylcholine at the synapse.

A type of food poisoning caused by Clostridium botulinum, leading to flaccid paralysis due to the blockage of acetylcholine release by the botulinum toxin. It can be fatal.

A common cause of food poisoning, characterized by diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal cramps. It is caused by Clostridium perfringens, which produces an alpha-toxin (lecithinase) detectable by Nagler's reaction.

A common cause of superinfection, usually occurring after antibiotic treatment, leading to severe diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and fever. It is caused by Clostridium difficile.

A condition characterized by the formation of a pseudomembrane in the colon, usually caused by Clostridium difficile. It presents with severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever.

A type of toxin that binds to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on antigen-presenting cells, causing an overactive immune response, leading to inflammation and tissue damage.