Microbiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Cephalosporins are grouped into ____ and are all part of the larger class of antibiotics known as _____.

  • four generations, beta-lactams (correct)
  • three generations, aminosides
  • two generations, macrolides
  • five generations, tetracyclines

    • Which cephalosporin generation has activity against S. aureus strains?

  • Third-generation
  • Fifth-generation (correct)
  • First-generation
  • Second-generation

    • Use of high doses of which antibiotic has been associated with biliary sludging?

  • Tetracycline
  • Azithromycin
  • Ceftriaxone (correct)
  • Gentamicin

    • Which antibiotic is the first-line treatment for plague and tularemia?

    <p>Citreptomycin-i</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aminoglycosides are lethal to which of these organisms?

    <p>Gram-negative bacilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Streptomycin resistance develops rapidly through which mechanisms?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is used to treat children with enteritis caused by pathogenic E. coli strains?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gentamicin and Tobramycin are used to treat all the following bacterial types except?

    <p>Mycoplasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is used by chlorophenecol to act as an antibiotic?

    <p>Sites of protein manufacture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bacterial classification of campylobacter jejuni?

    <p>Microphilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics does not work by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit?

    <p>Tedezold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which penicillin antibiotics need to be administered via injection?

    <p>Oxacillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not an antistaphylococcal antibiotic?

    <p>Piperacillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kanamycin is produced by which bacteria?

    <p>Actinomycetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cephalosporins derived from which original compound were isolated from Streptomyces lactamdurans?

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic?

    <p>Ceftaroline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs are considered nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors?

    <p>Chloranphenical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of action does the combination of clavulanic acid and amoxicillin produce?

    <p>Synergistic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug does NOT inhibit peptidoglycan synthase?

    <p>Loracabef</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics does NOT have a structure with a large four-ring nucleus and three side chains?

    <p>Clarithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a known side effect of tetracyclines?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Upon removing the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, what term is used?

    <p>Spheroplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to Enterococcus faecalis antibiotic resistance?

    <p>Multidrug efflux pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in the extended-spectrum penicillins category?

    <p>Temocillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vancomycin belongs to which group of antibiotics?

    <p>Glycopeptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics is used against Pseudomonas?

    <p>Ticarcillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which growth phase do microorganisms typically produce antibiotics?

    <p>Stationary phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Keflex belongs to which group of antibiotics?

    <p>Cephalosporins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme does Trimethoprim selectively inhibit?

    <p>Dihydrofolate reductase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic acts on the bacterial ribosome?

    <p>Aminoglycosides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which negative side effect is potentially fatal when using penicillins?

    <p>Severe allergic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic group is characterized by containing diverse aminoglycosides?

    <p>Aminoglycosides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of bacteria are aminoglycosides effective against?

    <p>gram-negative bacilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to the rapid development of resistance against streptomycin?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is used to treat children with enteritis caused by pathogenic strains of E. Coli?

    <p>Tetracycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bacterial cell wall composed of?

    <p>Peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzymes cross-link peptidoglycan polymers?

    <p>Autolysins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gentamicin and tobramycin are used to treat all the following bacterial types except:

    <p>Pneumococci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 70S bacterial ribosome consists of which subunits?

    <p>30S and 50S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one mechanism by which bacteria can resist aminoglycoside antibiotics?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is not an aminoglycoside?

    <p>Ampecilin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does MIC measure?

    <p>Minimum inhibitory concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class does cephalosporins belong to?

    <p>Beta-lactams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fifth-generation cephalosporins act against?

    <p>Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Natural penicillins are NOT effective against:

    <p>Aerobic gram-negative bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are beta-lactam antibiotics ineffective against fungi?

    <p>Fungi lack a peptidoglycan layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cephalosporins are grouped into how many generations?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fifth-generation cephalosporins have activity against which bacterial strain?

    <p>S. aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High doses of which drug are associated with biliary sludging?

    <p>Ceftriaxone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is the drug of choice for treating infections caused by plague and tularemia?

    <p>Tetracycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria are aminoglycosides primarily effective against?

    <p>Gram-negative bacilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common mechanism bacteria use to develop resistance against streptomycin?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is used to treat children with intestinal infections caused by pathogenic strains of E. coli?

    <p>Neomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gentamicin and tobramycin are used to treat all the following bacteria except?

    <p>Anaerobic bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Here are the study notes:

    Antibiotics

    Bactericidal Antibiotics

    • Aminoglycosides (e.g. streptomycin) are bactericidal against Gram-positive bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, and some Gram-negative bacteria
    • Polymyxins (e.g. polymyxin-a) are bactericidal against Gram-negative bacteria

    Antibacterial Resistance

    • Bacteria develop resistance to streptomycin through:
      • Mutations
      • Inhibition of drug transport into the cell
      • Production of enzymes that inactivate the drug
    • Resistance to streptomycin can develop rapidly

    Antibiotic Classes

    • Penicillins (e.g. ampicillin) are effective against Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative bacteria
    • Tetracyclines (e.g. tetracycline) are effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
    • Aminoglycosides (e.g. streptomycin) are effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
    • Macrolides (e.g. erythromycin) are effective against Gram-positive bacteria
    • Cephalosporins are grouped into generations (first, second, third, fourth, fifth) and are part of the larger class of antibiotics known as beta-lactams
    • Fifth-generation cephalosporins have activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains

    Antibiotic Uses

    • Tetracycline is the first choice for treating plague and tularemia
    • Aminoglycosides are used to treat urinary tract infections and pneumonia
    • Polymyxins are used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria
    • Cephalosporins are used to treat infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

    Antibiotic Side Effects

    • High doses of cephalosporins have been associated with biliary sludging
    • Tetracyclines can cause tooth discoloration in children
    • Aminoglycosides can cause hearing loss and kidney damage

    Antibiotic Mechanisms

    • Beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g. penicillins, cephalosporins) act by inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis
    • Aminoglycosides act by inhibiting protein synthesis
    • Macrolides act by inhibiting protein synthesis

    Antibiotic Sources

    • Antibiotics can be derived from bacteria (e.g. Streptomyces), fungi (e.g. Penicillium), or semi-synthetically produced

    Let me know if you'd like me to reorganize or add anything!

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of microbiology with this quiz covering antibiotics, bacteria and disease treatment.

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