Microbiology Quiz: Basics and Applications

<p>Breakdown of casein and triglycerides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The importance of germ theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frederick Griffith (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both organisms in the association benefit. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Archaea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consumption of contaminated water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Boiling water used for consumption, and improved sanitation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Influenza (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On skin and mucous membranes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus aureus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its structure of the cell wall providing resistance to desiccation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zoonotic or direct person-to-person contact (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through contaminated medical equipment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Faecal contamination of soil and water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of medical devices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MMR (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p><em>Pediococcus species</em> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The way in which the disease can spread (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clusters of cocci (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.2 - 2.0 μm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vibrio (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p><em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p><em>Treponema</em> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recycling of elements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p><em>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</em> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p><em>Lactobacillus sake</em> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adhesion to surfaces and other cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enclosing the cytoplasm and regulating passage of substances. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active transport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptidoglycan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>β(1-4) glycosidic bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forming pores for transport of molecules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A thick peptidoglycan layer containing teichoic acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storage of genetic materials. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>L-lysine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide antigenic variation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct peptide link (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contains lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is found in the peptidoglycan layer of gram-positive bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is responsible for the toxic effects of Gram-negative bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-negative bacteria possess lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while Gram-positive bacteria do not (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Microbiology is the scientific study of microscopic organisms, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, protists and akaryotes. These organisms play crucial roles in diverse environments like soil, water, and within living organisms.

Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells possess a true nucleus containing multiple chromosomes, a nuclear envelope, and membrane-bound organelles. They encompass animals, plants and fungi.

Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms lacking a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They have a simpler cellular structure compared to eukaryotes.

Akaryotes are organisms lacking a nucleus altogether. They are often considered simpler than prokaryotes and include viruses and prions.

Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship where both organisms involved benefit from the interaction. It's a win-win situation for both partners.

Predation is an interaction where one organism (the predator) consumes another organism (the prey) for food.

Nutrient cycling is the continuous movement and transformation of essential nutrients within an ecosystem. Microbes play vital roles in this process, breaking down organic matter and releasing nutrients back into the environment.

Microbial transfer/transmission routes refer to the pathways through which microorganisms can spread from one organism or location to another. These routes can include direct contact, air, water, food, or vectors like insects.

A bacterial infection spread through contact with contaminated surfaces, fluids, or animals.

A type of bacterium with a thick cell wall that makes it resistant to drying out.

A highly contagious viral disease that spreads through direct contact with infected bodily fluids.

A group of viruses that are known to cause severe diseases in humans.

The process of microbes being used to create products for human benefit.

The use of microbial processes to produce foods like yogurt, cheese, and sauerkraut.

A type of vaccine administered into the muscle.

The process of preventing disease by introducing a weakened or inactivated version of a microbe into the body.

A close relationship between two organisms where both partners benefit. For example, nitrogen-fixing bacteria provide nitrogen to plants, while plants provide shelter and nutrients to bacteria.

The movement of microorganisms between different locations or habitats. It can occur through various means like air, water, direct contact, or human-associated processes.

The contamination of water sources with fecal matter, leading to the spread of infectious diseases like cholera.

A bacterium responsible for causing gastrointestinal disease in humans. It can be spread through contaminated water.

Microorganisms that are spread through the air, often in the form of small particles containing viable microorganisms. These particles can be inhaled and cause infections.

A virus responsible for causing influenza, a respiratory illness spread through airborne droplets.

Spherical-shaped bacteria. They can exist individually, in pairs (diplococci), chains (streptococci), or clusters (staphylococci).

Rod-shaped bacteria. They can occur singly or in chains.

Curved or comma-shaped bacteria. They are shorter and thicker than spirochaetes.

Spiral-shaped bacteria with a corkscrew-like appearance. They are much longer and thinner than vibrios.

A group of bacteria that cause various infections, including strep throat.

These bacteria are typically 0.2-2.0µm in diameter and 2-8µm in length. They are significantly smaller than red blood cells.

This refers to the different ways bacteria can spread from one person or place to another, such as through direct contact, air, water, food, or vectors like insects.

The outermost layer of a bacterial cell, responsible for selective permeability, metabolism, ATP production, DNA replication, and protein secretion.

A rigid structure surrounding the bacterial cell membrane, providing structural support and protection.

A type of passive transport where molecules move across the membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

A type of active transport where molecules move across the membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.

A thick layer of peptidoglycan, teichoic acids, and lipoteichoic acids that surrounds the cell membrane of Gram-positive bacteria.

A thin layer of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides that surrounds the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

A repeating polymer of sugars and amino acids that forms the structural backbone of bacterial cell walls.

A process by which bacteria synthesize new peptidoglycan units and incorporate them into the existing cell wall, allowing the cell to grow.

A complex molecule that forms the outer layer of the cell wall in gram-negative bacteria. It is composed of three main parts: O-specific polysaccharide, core polysaccharide and Lipid A. The O-specific region is antigenic and Lipid A is responsible for the toxic effects of the bacteria.

A thick layer of peptidoglycan, along with teichoic acids, forms a rigid structure surrounding the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria. This structure gives the cell its shape and protects it from osmotic pressure.

Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan compared to gram-positive bacteria. This peptidoglycan layer is sandwiched between two membranes, the inner cell membrane and the outer membrane, which contains lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

A space between the outer membrane and the inner cell membrane in gram-negative bacteria. This space is filled with enzymes and proteins that help the bacterium to break down food and transport nutrients.

A group of bacteria that have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls. They are generally more resistant to antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents than Gram-negative bacteria.

A group of bacteria that have a thin layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, nestled between two membranes. They are often more susceptible to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria.

A type of substance found in the cell walls of some bacteria, especially gram-positive bacteria. It is composed of sugars and phosphates. They contribute to the strength and rigidity of the cell wall, and help the bacteria to adhere to surfaces.

Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Streptococcus pyogenes are all examples of common gram-positive bacteria that can cause infections.