Microbiology Quiz: Bacterial Identification Tests

Breakdown of starch into simpler sugars using enzymes

Breakdown of casein protein in milk using enzymes

The ability of some bacteria to produce hydrogen sulfide gas

Breakdown of lipids (fats) into fatty acids and glycerol

Removal of nitrogen from phenylalanine to produce phenylpyruvic acid + ammonia

Organism thriving in high-salt environments.

Organism thriving in high-sugar environments.

Higher solute concentration than cell, water leaves cell.

Lower solute concentration than cell, water enters cell.

Equal solute concentration inside and outside cell, no water movement.

Cell membrane pulls away from cell wall in hypertonic solution.

Substance preventing infection on living tissue.

Method to measure antibiotic effectiveness.

A natural or synthetic compound that inhibits the growth of microorganisms, often targeting specific bacterial processes.

A broader term that includes antibiotics, antivirals, and antifungals that inhibit or kill microorganisms.

Effective against a limited range of microorganisms, usually only one type (e.g. gram-positive bacteria).

Effective against a wide range of microorganisms, both gram-positive and gram-negative.

The sum of all biochemical reactions in an organism, including catabolic and anabolic processes.

A biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed.

An enzyme that functions inside the cell.

An enzyme secreted outside the cell to break down large molecules.

The process where a molecule loses electrons, releasing energy.

Energy production in the absence of oxygen, producing byproducts, such as acids or gas.

Used to determine if an organism can ferment a specific sugar, based on pH change and gas production.

Detects the presence of catalase, an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide.

Detects the presence of cytochrome c oxidase involved in electron transport.

Organism thriving in high-salt environments.

Solution with lower solute concentration than cell; water enters cell.

Solution with same solute concentration as cell, no net water movement.

Substance preventing infection on living tissue.

Substance inhibits microorganism growth.

Method to check antibiotic effectiveness.

Higher solute, water leaves cell, cell shrinks.

Cell membrane pulls away from cell wall, in hypertonic solution.

The breakdown of the protein casein, found in milk, into smaller components.

The creation of hydrogen sulfide gas by certain bacteria.

The breakdown of phenylalanine produces phenylpyruvic acid and ammonia.

Identifies bacteria that produce the enzyme catalase, which breaks down hydrogen peroxide.

Lipids are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol.

Antibiotics target bacteria, while antimicrobics broadly inhibit any microorganism (bacteria, viruses, fungi).

Effective against a limited range of microorganisms, often just one type (e.g,. gram-positive)

Effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including both gram-positive and gram-negative.

All chemical reactions in an organism, including breaking down (catabolism) and building up (anabolism) molecules.

Biological catalyst that speeds up reactions without being consumed.

Enzyme that functions inside the cell

Enzyme secreted outside the cell to break down large molecules.

Loss of electrons by a molecule, often releasing energy in cellular processes.

Energy production without oxygen, often producing acids or gases.

Determines if a microorganism can ferment a sugar, looking for acid production and gas.

Checks for catalase enzyme, breaking down hydrogen peroxide.

Tests for cytochrome c oxidase, an enzyme in electron transport.

Series of tests (indole, methyl red, voges-proskauer, citrate) to identify bacteria types.

Produces ammonia and carbon dioxide; ammonia raises pH causing a color change.

Detects the production of mixed acids during fermentation.