Microbiology Principles Quiz (PHD213)

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Questions and Answers

Which field of microbiology specifically focuses on the study of the relationships between the host body, pathogens, and immunity?

  • Immunology (correct)
  • Epidemiology
  • Bacteriology
  • Virology

What is the primary focus of mycology as a field of microbiology?

  • The study of fungi, including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms (correct)
  • The study of algae
  • The study of acellular and intracellular parasites like viruses
  • The study of prokaryotic microbes or bacteria

Which of the following is NOT a specialized area of study within microbiology?

  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology
  • Astronomy (correct)
  • Parasitology

What is the primary focus of study in the field of epidemiology?

<p>The analysis of the patterns, causes, and effects of diseases in populations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which field of microbiology encompasses the study of the collection of genes found in all microbes associated with a particular host?

<p>Microbiome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these phyla are part of the Bacteria domain?

<p>Proteobacteria (A), Firmicutes (C), Actinobacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these phyla generally have a low G+C ratio?

<p>Firmicutes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phylum is classified in Volume 3 of the current grouping?

<p>Firmicutes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these phyla were originally classified in Volume 4? (select all that apply)

<p>Chlamydiae (A), Acidobacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an organism has a gram-negative cell wall, which phylum could it belong to?

<p>Proteobacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses?

<p>They are able to reproduce outside of a living host cell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method of locomotion is NOT used by larger algae?

<p>Pseudopodia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of larger algae?

<p>Cyanobacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between viruses and bacteria?

<p>Viruses are acellular, while bacteria are cellular. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of helminth?

<p>Tapeworm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'lytic cycle' refer to in the context of viruses?

<p>The process of a virus multiplying within a host cell and eventually causing cell lysis (bursting). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do helminths obtain nutrients?

<p>Living in and feeding on living hosts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between viruses and host cells?

<p>Viruses are parasitic organisms that rely on host cells for reproduction and survival. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is credited with the discovery of penicillin?

<p>Alexander Fleming (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the key contribution of Dmitri Iosifovich Ivanovski to the field of microbiology in 1892?

<p>Discovered the existence of viruses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is known for their contributions to understanding the spread of yellow fever?

<p>Walter Reed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Ignaz Semmelweis advocate for in the 1850s?

<p>Implementation of hand hygiene practices to reduce disease spread (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is associated with the development of the Gram stain, a widely used technique in microbiology?

<p>Christian Gram (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is credited with the invention of the Petri dish, a critical tool in microbiology?

<p>R.J. Petri (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'germ theory of disease'?

<p>It suggested that disease was caused by specific microorganisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following events is NOT directly connected to the advancement of vaccination in the timeline provided?

<p>Development of an acid-fast stain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these examples BEST demonstrates how microorganisms contribute to the production of energy?

<p>The conversion of grain and biomass into biofuels such as ethanol and methane. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example BEST illustrates the use of microorganisms in biotechnology for creating novel products?

<p>The use of genetically engineered bacteria to synthesize human insulin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these applications of microorganisms directly involves the breakdown of organic matter?

<p>The degradation of organic matter in sewage treatment plants. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do microorganisms contribute to the oxygen cycle?

<p>They contribute to both the production and consumption of oxygen through processes like photosynthesis and respiration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a direct application of microorganisms in industrial processes?

<p>The breakdown of organic matter in sewage treatment plants. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these applications of microorganisms directly involves the breakdown of proteins?

<p>The softening of leather using enzymes from bacteria. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes the role of microorganisms in bioremediation?

<p>Utilizing microbes to break down pollutants and clean up contaminated environments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST illustrates the use of microorganisms in the food industry?

<p>The use of microorganisms for the production of yogurt and cheese. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method for classifying microbes?

<p>Genetic sequencing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the scientific name Escherichia coli tell us about the bacterium?

<p>It was discovered by Theodor Escherich and is found in the large intestine. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The name Staphylococcus aureus is derived from Latin words. Which of these accurately translates the name?

<p>Golden berry in a bunch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the classification of microorganisms?

<p>Archaea are distinct from bacteria, with unique characteristics like tolerance to extreme environments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'binomial nomenclature' refer to?

<p>A system of naming organisms using two Latin words, one for genus and one for species (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are common names often used for viruses?

<p>Common names for viruses are often more descriptive and easier to remember. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements about Campylobacter jejuni is TRUE?

<p>It is a curved rod-shaped bacterium found in the small intestine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are bacteria and archaea distinguished from each other?

<p>Bacteria and archaea have distinct genetic and biochemical characteristics. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Microbiome

Collection of genes from all microbes associated with a host.

Bacteriology

The study of prokaryotic microbes, specifically bacteria.

Virology

The study of viruses, acellular and intracellular parasites.

Immunology

Study of the relationships between hosts, pathogens, and immunity.

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Genomics

The study of an organism's genes and their functions.

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Binomial Nomenclature

A two-word scientific naming system for organisms; genus and species.

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Linnaeus

The scientist who developed the binomial system of nomenclature.

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Morphological Characteristics

Physical traits used to classify microbes, like shape and size.

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Differential Staining

A technique to separate microbes based on their cell wall properties.

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Biochemical Testing

Tests that identify microbes based on metabolic properties.

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Three Domains of Life

Classification of life into Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

A technique to amplify DNA for identification of microbes.

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Species Epithet

The second part of the scientific name that identifies the species of an organism.

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Larger Algae Reproduction

Larger algae reproduce through the formation of spores.

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Locomotion in Algae

Algae move using flagella, gliding, or buoyancy.

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Types of Algae

Includes Euglenophyta, Chrysophyta, Rhodophyta, and Chlorophyta.

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Virus Characteristics

Viruses are acellular, composed of nucleic acid and protein coat.

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Virus Size

Viruses are 1/10 to 1/1000 the size of bacteria.

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Virus Reproduction

Viruses can only reproduce inside a living host cell.

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Helminths

Helminths are multicellular animal parasites visible to the naked eye.

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Helminth Nutrition

Helminths nourish themselves by feeding on living hosts.

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Archaea

Primitive microorganisms adapted to extreme environments.

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Bacteria

Single-celled prokaryotic organisms, diverse and widespread.

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Phylum Proteobacteria

A major group of bacteria with Gram-negative cell walls.

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Phylum Firmicutes

Bacteria mainly with Gram-positive walls and low G + C content.

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Evolution of microorganisms

Microorganisms have existed for about 3.5 billion years on Earth.

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Antony Leeuwenhoek

First to observe microorganisms, termed them 'little animals' in 1677.

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Edward Jenner

Pioneered the first scientific smallpox vaccination in 1796.

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Ignaz Semmelweis

Advocated handwashing to prevent disease spread in the 1850s.

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Louis Pasteur

Disproved spontaneous generation and supported germ theory in the 1860s.

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Joseph Lister

Introduced antiseptic surgery in 1867, minimizing infection risk.

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Robert Koch

Formulated Koch's postulates and discovered B.anthracis in 1876.

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Paul Ehrlich

Developed acid-fast and Gram stains, and discovered syphilis cure in 1910.

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Alexander Fleming

Discovered penicillin in 1928, marking the birth of antibiotics.

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Fermentation

The metabolic process converting sugars to acids, gases, or alcohol, producing ethanol and acetone.

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Bioremediation

The use of microorganisms to break down pollutants in the environment, like oil spills.

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Cyanobacteria

Photosynthetic microorganisms that produce oxygen in the atmosphere.

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Biofuels

Renewable fuels made from organic materials, such as ethanol and methane, using microorganisms.

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Genetic Engineering

The manipulation of an organism's DNA to produce specific products, like insulin or vaccines.

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Antibiotics

Medicines produced by microorganisms that help treat bacterial infections.

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Protease

An enzyme that breaks down proteins, often used in processing leather.

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Natural Gas

A fossil fuel primarily composed of methane, produced by methanogenic microorganisms.

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Study Notes

Course Information

  • Course: Microbiology (PHD213)
  • Institution: UiTM Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Bertam Campus
  • Edition: First Edition
  • Date: September 2017

Course Description

  • The course aims to provide an understanding of fundamental microbiology principles, including its history, classification, identification, microbial physiology (nutrition, metabolism, and growth), and pathogenesis.

Course Outcomes (COs)

  • CO1: Discuss the basic principles of microbiology, including history, characteristics, classification, and significance of microorganisms.
  • CO2: Describe cell structure, identification, metabolic processes, nutrition, growth, microbial genetics, and control of microorganisms.
  • CO3: Explain interactions between microbes and humans and factors contributing to human diseases.
  • CO4: Perform lab skills and techniques related to isolation, staining, identification, and control of microorganisms.

Assessment

  • Continuous Assessment:
    • Assignment 1: 5%
    • Assignment 2/Group Project: 5%
    • Quizzes (4): 10%
    • Lab Reports: 10%
    • Tests (2): 10%
  • Final Examination: 60%
  • Total: 100%

References

  • Tortora, G. J., Funke, B. R., & Case, C. L. (2012). Microbiology: An Introduction (11th ed.). Pearson/Benjamin Cummings.
  • Talaro, K. P., & Chess, B. (2012). Foundation in Microbiology: Basic Principles (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  • Madigan, M. T., Martinko, J. M., Stahl, D., & Clark, D. P. (2010). Brock: Biology of Microorganisms (13th ed.). Prentice-Hall.
  • Wiley, J. M., Sherwood, L. M., & Woolverton, C. J. (2010). Microbiology (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill.

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