Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the study of bacteria called?
What is the study of bacteria called?
- Bacteriology (correct)
- Virology
- Microbiology
- Mycology
Archea are known to cause diseases.
Archea are known to cause diseases.
False (B)
Which of the following is not a type of microorganism?
Which of the following is not a type of microorganism?
- Viruses
- Bacteria
- Cacti (correct)
- Fungi
What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
Bacteria have cell walls composed of __________.
Bacteria have cell walls composed of __________.
Match the following examples of Archea with their environments:
Match the following examples of Archea with their environments:
Which structure is found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells?
Which structure is found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells?
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Study Notes
Microbiology Overview
- Science focused on studying microorganisms, commonly referred to as germs or microbes.
- Microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses.
Types of Microorganisms
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Bacteria
- Prokaryotic, unicellular organisms without a nuclear membrane.
- Contains peptidoglycan in cell walls, distinguishing them from plant cells.
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Archaea
- Prokaryotic cells that may or may not have cell walls, usually lacking peptidoglycan.
- Thrive in extreme environments; not typically pathogenic.
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Fungi
- Eukaryotes that absorb nutrients, similar to bacteria.
- Includes unicellular yeast (reproduce asexually through budding) and multicellular forms like molds.
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Protozoa
- Diverse group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms.
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Helminths
- Parasitic worms, categorized as multicellular organisms.
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Viruses
- Non-cellular entities, existing at the boundary between living and non-living.
Subdisciplines and Contributions
- Bacteriology: Focus on the study of bacteria.
- Key contributors:
- Robert Hooke: Early microbiological observations.
- Anton van Leeuwenhoek: First to observe bacteria using a microscope.
- Louis Pasteur: Established principles of pasteurization and germ theory.
- Robert Koch: Developed methods to isolate bacteria and link them to diseases.
Microbial Roles and Interactions
- Pathogenicity: Some microorganisms can cause diseases.
- Normal Flora: Microorganisms residing innocuously within the body, often beneficial.
- Biofilms: Complex communities of microorganisms adhering to surfaces.
- Microorganisms play vital roles in ecosystems, including nutrient cycling and substrate degradation.
Organelles and Structure
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Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, including:
- Mitochondria
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi apparatus
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Prokaryotic cells, like bacteria, lack these organelles and a true nucleus.
Examples of Archaeans
- Methanogens: Produce methane as metabolic waste; can thrive in anaerobic environments.
- Extreme Halophiles: Live in highly saline environments.
- Extreme Thermophiles: Found in hot, sulfur-rich habitats like hot springs.
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