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Questions and Answers
Which type of respiration requires oxygen?
Which type of respiration requires oxygen?
Plant hormones are also known as phytohormones.
Plant hormones are also known as phytohormones.
True
What is the primary function of the human digestive system?
What is the primary function of the human digestive system?
To break down food and absorb nutrients.
The ________ system is responsible for gas exchange in humans.
The ________ system is responsible for gas exchange in humans.
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Match the following components with their functions in the human circulatory system:
Match the following components with their functions in the human circulatory system:
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Which factor does NOT affect respiration in plants?
Which factor does NOT affect respiration in plants?
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In animals, excretion only occurs through the kidneys.
In animals, excretion only occurs through the kidneys.
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The process of shedding plant parts is called ________.
The process of shedding plant parts is called ________.
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Which of the following bacteria are facultative anaerobic rods?
Which of the following bacteria are facultative anaerobic rods?
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All mycoplasmas have a cell wall.
All mycoplasmas have a cell wall.
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Name a representative of endospore-forming Gram-positive rods.
Name a representative of endospore-forming Gram-positive rods.
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Bacteria reproduce __________ both asexually and sexually.
Bacteria reproduce __________ both asexually and sexually.
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Match the following bacteria with their representative habitat:
Match the following bacteria with their representative habitat:
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Which type of bacteria utilize nitrogen compounds in respiration?
Which type of bacteria utilize nitrogen compounds in respiration?
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All Gram-positive bacteria are endospore-forming.
All Gram-positive bacteria are endospore-forming.
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What is a common habitat for non-sporulating Gram-positive rods?
What is a common habitat for non-sporulating Gram-positive rods?
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Which of the following is an edible mushroom?
Which of the following is an edible mushroom?
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Lichens are formed by the symbiotic relationship between algae and fungi.
Lichens are formed by the symbiotic relationship between algae and fungi.
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What are the three types of lichens based on their structure?
What are the three types of lichens based on their structure?
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The symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant is called _____
The symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant is called _____
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Which part of lichens provides food to fungi?
Which part of lichens provides food to fungi?
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Match the following lichen types with their descriptions:
Match the following lichen types with their descriptions:
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The cell wall in plants is non-cellulosic.
The cell wall in plants is non-cellulosic.
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What do plants provide to fungi in a mycorrhizal relationship?
What do plants provide to fungi in a mycorrhizal relationship?
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Which of the following statements is true about viroids?
Which of the following statements is true about viroids?
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Virusoids are infectious agents that can exist independently in a cell-free environment.
Virusoids are infectious agents that can exist independently in a cell-free environment.
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What are the primary producers of the ecosystem?
What are the primary producers of the ecosystem?
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Plants are classified into two main groups: Cryptogamae (non-flowering) and _________ (flowering).
Plants are classified into two main groups: Cryptogamae (non-flowering) and _________ (flowering).
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Match the following plant groups with their characteristics:
Match the following plant groups with their characteristics:
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Which type of plants lack seeds and vascular tissue?
Which type of plants lack seeds and vascular tissue?
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Algae are characterized by the presence of an embryonic stage.
Algae are characterized by the presence of an embryonic stage.
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The branch of Botany that studies algae is known as ________ or Phycology.
The branch of Botany that studies algae is known as ________ or Phycology.
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What type of spores are involved in asexual reproduction?
What type of spores are involved in asexual reproduction?
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The Palmella stage is related to sexual reproduction in Ulothrix.
The Palmella stage is related to sexual reproduction in Ulothrix.
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What is the resting phase of Ulothrix called?
What is the resting phase of Ulothrix called?
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The cell structure that is responsible for photosynthesis in organisms is called a __________.
The cell structure that is responsible for photosynthesis in organisms is called a __________.
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Match the following stages with their corresponding function:
Match the following stages with their corresponding function:
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Which type of gametes are involved in sexual reproduction in Ulothrix?
Which type of gametes are involved in sexual reproduction in Ulothrix?
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Aplanospores are a type of zoospore.
Aplanospores are a type of zoospore.
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What is the name of the cells that can produce gametes in Ulothrix?
What is the name of the cells that can produce gametes in Ulothrix?
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Study Notes
Respiration in Bacteria
- Occurs in the plasma membrane of bacteria.
- Glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water in aerobic respiration using oxygen.
- In anaerobic respiration, other molecules such as nitrate (NO3-) are used.
Reproduction in Bacteria
- Bacteria reproduce both asexually and sexually.
- Sexual reproduction in bacteria was discovered by Blakeslee in Mucor.
Mushroom and Fairy Rings
- Agaricus compestris is an edible mushroom, also known as the white button mushroom.
- The fruiting body of Agaricus arises in concentric rings, called fairy rings or fungal flowers, from the mycelium present in the soil.
Lichens
- Lichens have a composite structure, consisting of two dissimilar organisms in a symbiotic relationship.
- The algal part, called the phycobiont, provides food to the fungi.
- The fungal part, called the mycobiont, provides shelter to the algae.
Mycorrhiza
- It is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant.
- Plants provide organic food to the fungus, and in return, the fungus supplies water and mineral nutrients to the plants.
Kingdom Plantae (Eukaryotic, Chlorophyllous Organisms)
- These are chlorophyllous and embryo forming organisms (excluding algae).
- They are mostly non-motile and function as producers in the ecosystem, fixing solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
- Plant cells have cellulosic cell walls and their stored food material is in the form of starch.
Viroids
- These are infectious agents that are known to infect plants only (not animals).
- An example is the potato spindle tuber viroid.
Virion
- An intact, inert, complete virus particle capable of infecting the host, lying outside the host cell in a cell-free environment, is called a virion.
Virusoids
- These are similar to viroids but are located inside the protein coat of a true virus.
- Virusoid RNA can be circular or linear and are non-infectious, as they are replicated only in their host.
Prions/Slow Virus
- Prions are the smallest, proteinaceous infectious particles, i.e., disease-causing agents that can be transmitted from one animal to another.
Plant Kingdom: Producers of the Ecosystem
- Plants are multicellular, photoautotrophic and embryo forming (excluding algae) organisms placed in Kingdom Plantae.
- They have cell walls made up of cellulose and store food in the form of starch (sometimes fat as in seeds).
- Plants are called producers because they have the unique ability to fix solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis, supplying energy to other living organisms within the ecosystem.
Plant Kingdom Classification
- The plant kingdom is classified into:
-
Cryptogamae (non-flowering)
- Thallophyta (plant body is not divided into root, stem and leaves)
- Algae
- Bryophyta (embryophytes without vascular tissues)
- Liverworts
- Hornworts
- Mosses
- Pteridophyta (embryo bearing plants which form seeds and contain vascular tissue)
- Ferns
- Thallophyta (plant body is not divided into root, stem and leaves)
-
Phanerogamae (flowering)
- Gymnosperms (naked seed plants)
- Angiosperms (covered seed)
- Monocotyledons
- Dicotyledons
Algae
- These are eukaryotic, autotrophic (holophytic), chlorophyll containing, non-vascular thallophytes.
- They are characterized by the absence of an embryonic stage and the presence of non-jacketed gametangia.
- They are mostly of aquatic habitat (both freshwater and marine).
- The branch of Botany dealing with the study of algae is called Algology or Phycology.
- FE Fritsch is known as the 'Father of Algology'.
Economic Importance of Algae
- Algae have both useful and harmful aspects.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts in microbiology, focusing on respiration, reproduction, and the ecological roles of bacteria and fungi. Learn about the unique structures and relationships in mushrooms, lichens, and mycorrhizae. Test your knowledge on these fundamental biological processes and interactions.
