Microbiology Overview: Bacteria and Fungi
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Microbiology Overview: Bacteria and Fungi

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Questions and Answers

Which type of respiration requires oxygen?

  • Anaerobic Respiration
  • Aerobic Respiration (correct)
  • Both Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration
  • None of the above
  • Plant hormones are also known as phytohormones.

    True

    What is the primary function of the human digestive system?

    To break down food and absorb nutrients.

    The ________ system is responsible for gas exchange in humans.

    <p>respiratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their functions in the human circulatory system:

    <p>Heart = Pumps blood throughout the body Arteries = Carries blood away from the heart Veins = Carries blood back to the heart Capillaries = Exchange of nutrients and waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT affect respiration in plants?

    <p>Amount of rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In animals, excretion only occurs through the kidneys.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of shedding plant parts is called ________.

    <p>abscission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacteria are facultative anaerobic rods?

    <p>E. coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All mycoplasmas have a cell wall.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a representative of endospore-forming Gram-positive rods.

    <p>Bacillus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria reproduce __________ both asexually and sexually.

    <p>reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bacteria with their representative habitat:

    <p>Pseudomonas = Soil, aquatic habitats Salmonella = Animal gut Desulfovibrio = Anaerobic muds Lactobacillus = Human oral cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria utilize nitrogen compounds in respiration?

    <p>Aerobic rods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All Gram-positive bacteria are endospore-forming.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common habitat for non-sporulating Gram-positive rods?

    <p>Fermenting plant and animal material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an edible mushroom?

    <p>Agaricus compestris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lichens are formed by the symbiotic relationship between algae and fungi.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of lichens based on their structure?

    <p>Crustose, Foliose, Fruticose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant is called _____

    <p>mycorrhiza</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of lichens provides food to fungi?

    <p>Phycobiont</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following lichen types with their descriptions:

    <p>Crustose = Point-like, flat lichens Foliose = Leafy structured lichens Fruticose = Branched filamentous lichens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cell wall in plants is non-cellulosic.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do plants provide to fungi in a mycorrhizal relationship?

    <p>Organic food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about viroids?

    <p>Viroids are infectious only to plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Virusoids are infectious agents that can exist independently in a cell-free environment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary producers of the ecosystem?

    <p>Plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plants are classified into two main groups: Cryptogamae (non-flowering) and _________ (flowering).

    <p>Phanerogamae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following plant groups with their characteristics:

    <p>Thallophyta = Plant body not divided into root, stem, and leaves Bryophyta = Embryophytes without vascular tissues Pteridophyta = Embryo-bearing plants with vascular tissue Gymnosperms = Naked seeded plants Angiosperms = Covered seed plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plants lack seeds and vascular tissue?

    <p>Thallophyta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Algae are characterized by the presence of an embryonic stage.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The branch of Botany that studies algae is known as ________ or Phycology.

    <p>Algology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of spores are involved in asexual reproduction?

    <p>Microzoospores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Palmella stage is related to sexual reproduction in Ulothrix.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resting phase of Ulothrix called?

    <p>Zygospore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cell structure that is responsible for photosynthesis in organisms is called a __________.

    <p>Chloroplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following stages with their corresponding function:

    <p>Akinete = Survival under unfavorable conditions Gametangium = Formation of gametes Haploid phase = Dominant life stage Quariflagellate zygospore = Resting phase after fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of gametes are involved in sexual reproduction in Ulothrix?

    <p>Haploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aplanospores are a type of zoospore.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cells that can produce gametes in Ulothrix?

    <p>Gametangium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Respiration in Bacteria

    • Occurs in the plasma membrane of bacteria.
    • Glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water in aerobic respiration using oxygen.
    • In anaerobic respiration, other molecules such as nitrate (NO3-) are used.

    Reproduction in Bacteria

    • Bacteria reproduce both asexually and sexually.
    • Sexual reproduction in bacteria was discovered by Blakeslee in Mucor.

    Mushroom and Fairy Rings

    • Agaricus compestris is an edible mushroom, also known as the white button mushroom.
    • The fruiting body of Agaricus arises in concentric rings, called fairy rings or fungal flowers, from the mycelium present in the soil.

    Lichens

    • Lichens have a composite structure, consisting of two dissimilar organisms in a symbiotic relationship.
    • The algal part, called the phycobiont, provides food to the fungi.
    • The fungal part, called the mycobiont, provides shelter to the algae.

    Mycorrhiza

    • It is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant.
    • Plants provide organic food to the fungus, and in return, the fungus supplies water and mineral nutrients to the plants.

    Kingdom Plantae (Eukaryotic, Chlorophyllous Organisms)

    • These are chlorophyllous and embryo forming organisms (excluding algae).
    • They are mostly non-motile and function as producers in the ecosystem, fixing solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
    • Plant cells have cellulosic cell walls and their stored food material is in the form of starch.

    Viroids

    • These are infectious agents that are known to infect plants only (not animals).
    • An example is the potato spindle tuber viroid.

    Virion

    • An intact, inert, complete virus particle capable of infecting the host, lying outside the host cell in a cell-free environment, is called a virion.

    Virusoids

    • These are similar to viroids but are located inside the protein coat of a true virus.
    • Virusoid RNA can be circular or linear and are non-infectious, as they are replicated only in their host.

    Prions/Slow Virus

    • Prions are the smallest, proteinaceous infectious particles, i.e., disease-causing agents that can be transmitted from one animal to another.

    Plant Kingdom: Producers of the Ecosystem

    • Plants are multicellular, photoautotrophic and embryo forming (excluding algae) organisms placed in Kingdom Plantae.
    • They have cell walls made up of cellulose and store food in the form of starch (sometimes fat as in seeds).
    • Plants are called producers because they have the unique ability to fix solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis, supplying energy to other living organisms within the ecosystem.

    Plant Kingdom Classification

    • The plant kingdom is classified into:
    • Cryptogamae (non-flowering)
      • Thallophyta (plant body is not divided into root, stem and leaves)
        • Algae
        • Bryophyta (embryophytes without vascular tissues)
          • Liverworts
          • Hornworts
          • Mosses
        • Pteridophyta (embryo bearing plants which form seeds and contain vascular tissue)
          • Ferns
    • Phanerogamae (flowering)
      • Gymnosperms (naked seed plants)
      • Angiosperms (covered seed)
        • Monocotyledons
        • Dicotyledons

    Algae

    • These are eukaryotic, autotrophic (holophytic), chlorophyll containing, non-vascular thallophytes.
    • They are characterized by the absence of an embryonic stage and the presence of non-jacketed gametangia.
    • They are mostly of aquatic habitat (both freshwater and marine).
    • The branch of Botany dealing with the study of algae is called Algology or Phycology.
    • FE Fritsch is known as the 'Father of Algology'.

    Economic Importance of Algae

    • Algae have both useful and harmful aspects.

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    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts in microbiology, focusing on respiration, reproduction, and the ecological roles of bacteria and fungi. Learn about the unique structures and relationships in mushrooms, lichens, and mycorrhizae. Test your knowledge on these fundamental biological processes and interactions.

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