30 Questions
What is the purpose of taxonomy?
To classify, describe, identify, and name all living organisms
How many domains are there in modern phylogeny?
3
What is a phylogenetic tree?
A diagram depicting how closely related organisms are
What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
The presence or absence of a membrane-bound nucleus
Why are viruses not found on phylogenetic trees?
Because they are not made up of cells
What do the terms 'pro' and 'eu' mean in the context of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
'Pro' means 'before' and 'eu' means 'true'
Which of the following is a characteristic of Eukaryotic cells?
Presence of membrane-bound nuclei
What is the main difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound nuclei
What is the term for the protein coat that surrounds a virus?
Capsid
What is the term for a dormant, highly resistant structure formed by some Bacteria?
Endospore
What is the purpose of a capsule in Bacteria?
To protect from the host's immune system
What is the term for the region in Prokaryotes where DNA is found?
Nucleoid
What is a key feature of Gram-positive cell walls?
A thick layer of peptidoglycan
What is a characteristic of Archaea?
They are extremophiles
What is the main component of the cell wall in Gram-negative bacteria?
Peptidoglycan
What is a characteristic of Protozoa?
They are a diverse group of eukaryotes
What is the main difference between Archaea and Bacteria?
The composition of their cell walls
What is a characteristic of Algae?
They are photosynthetic
What is the primary difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Mode of nutrition
What is the function of a virus's protein capsid?
To protect the genetic material
What is the purpose of fixation in microscopy?
To attach the specimen to the slide
What is the characteristic of fungi that makes them resemble animals?
Heterotrophic mode of nutrition
What is the difference between a positive stain and a negative stain?
What absorbs the dye
What is the name of the microscope that uses a beam of electrons to produce an image?
Electron Microscope
What is the primary purpose of Gram staining?
To distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
What is the name of the staining technique used to identify encapsulated yeast and bacteria?
India ink or nigrosin stain
What is the term for the normal populations of microorganisms that inhabit the body?
Flora
How do normal flora prevent colonization of pathogenic bacteria?
By occupying all binding sites and competing for nutrients
What is a potential harmful effect of normal flora?
Some can be opportunistic pathogens
What can lead to overgrowth of normal flora and secondary infection?
Dysbiosis
Test your knowledge of microbial classification, taxonomy, and phylogenetic trees. Learn how microorganisms are grouped based on shared characteristics and how genetic, biochemical, and embryological comparisons are used to determine relatedness.
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