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Questions and Answers
What is a key characteristic that differentiates N. meningitis from N. gonorrhoeae?
What is a key characteristic that differentiates N. meningitis from N. gonorrhoeae?
Which condition is least likely to cause diarrhea in a 32-year-old HIV patient?
Which condition is least likely to cause diarrhea in a 32-year-old HIV patient?
What is the most probable disease for a patient who has traveled to the U.S. and consumed rabbit meat infected with Franciscella?
What is the most probable disease for a patient who has traveled to the U.S. and consumed rabbit meat infected with Franciscella?
What is the normal dilution percentage when 1 part of a 9g bleach solution is diluted in 9 parts of distilled water?
What is the normal dilution percentage when 1 part of a 9g bleach solution is diluted in 9 parts of distilled water?
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Which instrument would be best suited for assessing von Willebrand Factor deficiency?
Which instrument would be best suited for assessing von Willebrand Factor deficiency?
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What is the shape of N. gonorrhoeae under microscopic examination?
What is the shape of N. gonorrhoeae under microscopic examination?
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In a patient with diarrhea, which of the following is an actual cause related to HIV?
In a patient with diarrhea, which of the following is an actual cause related to HIV?
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What symptoms are commonly associated with tularemia after consumption of infected rabbit meat?
What symptoms are commonly associated with tularemia after consumption of infected rabbit meat?
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What type of cross-matching is utilized for a patient with significant alloantibody?
What type of cross-matching is utilized for a patient with significant alloantibody?
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During which phase do gram-positive bacteria show the highest susceptibility to penicillin?
During which phase do gram-positive bacteria show the highest susceptibility to penicillin?
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A patient presents with total bilirubin 20 mg/dl and direct bilirubin 0.2 mg/dl. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A patient presents with total bilirubin 20 mg/dl and direct bilirubin 0.2 mg/dl. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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What is the main purpose of the indirect Coombs test?
What is the main purpose of the indirect Coombs test?
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What characteristic differentiates Dubin-Johnson syndrome from Crigler-Najjar syndrome?
What characteristic differentiates Dubin-Johnson syndrome from Crigler-Najjar syndrome?
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What is the main defect in Dubin-Johnson syndrome?
What is the main defect in Dubin-Johnson syndrome?
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In direct Coombs testing, what is being detected?
In direct Coombs testing, what is being detected?
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What mainly happens during the stationary phase of bacterial growth?
What mainly happens during the stationary phase of bacterial growth?
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Study Notes
Neisseria Meningitis vs Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
- Neisseria meningitis is encapsulated, creating a rounder appearance, while Neisseria gonorrhoeae lacks a capsule and appears kidney-bean shaped.
- N. meningitis is transmitted via respiratory droplets and primarily causes meningitis.
- N. gonorrhoeae is transmitted through sexual contact and causes gonorrhea.
Diarrhea in HIV Patients
- Psittacosis, caused by Chlamydia psittaci from birds, typically affects the respiratory system rather than causing diarrhea.
- Common causes of diarrhea in HIV patients include parasitic, viral, and bacterial infections or complications of HIV itself.
Tularemia Diagnosis
- Tularemia is caused by Francisella tularensis and often linked to handling or eating infected animals, such as rabbits.
- Symptoms include fever, chills, swollen lymph nodes, skin ulcers, and may present pneumonia.
- Tularemia is informally known as "rabbit fever."
Bleach Dilution for Disinfection
- Diluting 1 part of a 9g bleach solution in 9 parts of distilled water results in a 1:10 dilution.
- This equates to 0.1% concentration when calculated as (1 part / 10 total parts) * 100.
Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) Deficiency Assay
- PFA-100 (Platelet Function Analyzer 100) is the preferred instrument for assessing VWF deficiency, focusing on platelet function.
- VWF is essential for platelet adhesion and aggregation during blood clotting.
Alloantibody Cross-Matching
- Antihuman Globulin (AHG) cross-matching detects alloantibodies in serum before transfusions.
- Indirect Coombs test involves mixing recipient serum with donor red blood cells and adding an AHG reagent.
- Direct Coombs test identifies antibodies bound to recipient red blood cells post-transfusion, often used in hemolytic anemia detection.
Antibiotic Susceptibility in Bacteria
- Gram-positive bacteria are most susceptible to penicillin during the log (exponential) phase of growth, when actively dividing and building cell walls.
- During the lag phase, bacteria adapt without dividing, while stationary and death phases involve slower growth or cell death.
Bilirubin Levels and Syndromes
- A total bilirubin of 20 mg/dl and direct bilirubin of 0.2 mg/dl suggest Crigler-Najjar syndrome, characterized by unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
- Elevated direct bilirubin levels and a "black liver" indicate Dubin-Johnson syndrome, a condition caused by a genetic defect in bilirubin secretion.
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Description
This quiz explores the differences between Neisseria meningitis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, focusing on their characteristics, transmission methods, and associated diseases. Suitable for students of microbiology or infectious diseases.
