Microbiology Lecture: Systemic Mycoses

What is the most prevalent pulmonary fungal infection in humans and animals?

Histoplasmosis

Where are the yeasts typically seen in tissue?

Within macrophages

What type of fungus grows as a mold in culture, producing hyaline, and BRANCHING septate hyphae and conidia?

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Which of the following is a characteristic of the fungus that causes systemic mycoses?

It grows as a mold at 25°C and as a yeast at 37°C Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for North American Blastomycosis?

Blastomycosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of infection for systemic mycoses?

Inhalation of conidia Signup and view all the answers

What type of fungus has narrow base budding yeast cells with multiple budding 'STEERING WHEELS'?

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of systemic mycoses?

Aspergillosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of alveolar macrophages in systemic mycoses?

Inactivating conidia Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a robust immune response in an immunocompetent host?

Resolution of inflammatory lesions Signup and view all the answers

What type of fungus is Blastomyces dermatitidis?

Thermally dimorphic Signup and view all the answers

In which regions of the US is the incidence of blastomycosis highest?

Central and Eastern states Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of infection for blastomycosis?

Lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the organism that causes blastomycosis?

Blastomyces dermatitidis Signup and view all the answers

What type of lesions are characteristic of blastomycosis?

Granulomatous and suppurative Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for severe paracoccidioidomycosis?

Amphotericin Signup and view all the answers

In which region are endemic mycoses commonly found?

Rural areas of Latin America Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of paracoccidioidomycosis?

It is more common in males Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for systemic coccidioidomycosis?

Sex Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for coccidioidomycosis?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the arthroconidia of Coccidioides species?

They are readily airborne and highly resistant to adverse environmental conditions Signup and view all the answers

In which regions are Coccidioides species typically endemic?

Semi-arid regions of the Southwestern United States, Central America, and South America Signup and view all the answers

What is the usual outcome of coccidioidomycosis infection?

It is usually self-limited Signup and view all the answers

What is the morphology of the colony produced by Coccidioides immitis?

White to tan and cottony Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of the arthroconidia after inhalation?

They become spherical and enlarge, forming spherules that contain endospores Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location where Paracoccidioides brasiliensis forms large, multiply budding yeast cells?

Rich medium at 36°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range of most patients affected by Paracoccidioidomycosis?

30-60 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the buds in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells?

Narrow base connection Signup and view all the answers

How does Paracoccidioides brasiliensis initially enter the host?

Through inhalation of spores Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells in tissue?

Large, multiply budding cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of lesions can occur on the skin in blastomycosis?

Ulcerated verrucous granulomas Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common site of blastomycosis?

Thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of culturing the specimen at 37°C in blastomycosis diagnosis?

To convert to the yeast form Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment of choice for severe cases of blastomycosis?

Amphotericin B Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of itraconazole treatment for confined lesions of blastomycosis?

6 months Signup and view all the answers

Can blastomycosis be transmitted from animals or humans?

No, it is not transmissible Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of specimens for blastomycosis diagnosis?

Sputum, pus, exudates, and urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of yeast cells in blastomycosis diagnosis?

Broadly attached buds on thick-walled yeast cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of serologic tests in blastomycosis diagnosis?

Not as useful for diagnosis as other endemic mycoses Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between blastomycosis and immunosuppressed patients?

Blastomycosis is less common in immunosuppressed patients Signup and view all the answers