Microbiology: Klebsiella & Campylobacter jejuni
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a common risk factor for Klebsiella infections?

  • Predominantly vegetarian diet
  • Frequent contact with birds
  • Heavy alcohol use (correct)
  • History of recent travel to developing countries
  • What is a characteristic feature of Campylobacter jejuni?

  • It grows optimally at 37°C
  • It is a Gram-positive bacterium
  • It requires salt for optimal growth
  • It has polar flagella and is comma-shaped (correct)
  • Which symptom is associated with Vibrio cholerae infection?

  • Profuse rice-water diarrhea (correct)
  • Yellowish jaundice
  • Severe abdominal cramps
  • Bloody diarrhea
  • What type of treatment is typically required for severe wound infections caused by Vibrio vulnificus?

    <p>Surgical debridement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transmission route is common for Campylobacter jejuni?

    <p>Fecal-oral transmission from infected animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacteria is primarily associated with lobar pneumonia?

    <p>Klebsiella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of colonies are characteristic of Klebsiella?

    <p>Very mucoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common transmission method for Campylobacter jejuni?

    <p>Fecal-oral transmission via undercooked poultry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an important treatment for Vibrio cholerae infection?

    <p>Oral rehydration solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serious complication can arise from Vibrio vulnificus infections in high-risk patients?

    <p>Septicemia or necrotizing fasciitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary pathogenic feature of Vibrio cholerae responsible for its symptom of profuse diarrhea?

    <p>Enterotoxin production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which risk factor is associated with increased susceptibility to infections caused by Klebsiella?

    <p>Impaired host defenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic shape is associated with Campylobacter jejuni?

    <p>Comma or S-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is primarily used to treat severe infections caused by Vibrio vulnificus?

    <p>Surgical debridement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable transmission route for Campylobacter jejuni?

    <p>Fecal-oral contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable characteristic of Klebsiella in laboratory diagnosis?

    <p>Presence of very mucoid colonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the transmission route for Vibrio cholerae?

    <p>Via fecal-oral transmission of contaminated water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an association of Campylobacter jejuni infection?

    <p>Associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What patient condition significantly increases the risk of severe outcomes from Vibrio vulnificus infections?

    <p>Liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature distinguishes Campylobacter jejuni from other gastrointestinal pathogens?

    <p>Ability to grow at high temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium is primarily associated with the production of profuse rice-water diarrhea?

    <p>Vibrio cholerae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common disease association for Campylobacter jejuni infections?

    <p>Guillain-Barré syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic feature is noted in Klebsiella colonies that aids in diagnosis?

    <p>Very mucoid colonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable risk factor for severe outcomes from Vibrio vulnificus infections?

    <p>Liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transmission route is common for Vibrio cholerae?

    <p>Fecal-oral via contaminated food or water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Klebsiella

    • Gram-negative rod bacterium.
    • Part of normal intestinal microbiota but can cause lobar pneumonia.
    • Frequently involved in healthcare-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs).
    • Linked to the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains.
    • Risk Factors*
    • Higher incidence in individuals with heavy alcohol consumption or compromised immune systems.
    • Diagnosis*
    • Characterized by very mucoid colonies due to large polysaccharide capsules.
    • Presentation of dark red "currant jelly" sputum, indicative of blood mixed with mucus.

    Campylobacter jejuni

    • Gram-negative bacterium with a distinctive comma or "S" shape, equipped with polar flagella.
    • Oxidase-positive, enabling specific tests for identification.
    • Optimal growth temperature is 42°C, reflecting a preference for warm environments.
    • Major contributor to bloody diarrhea, particularly affecting children.
    • Transmission*
    • Spread through fecal-oral route via person-to-person contact or consumption of undercooked contaminated poultry, meat, or unpasteurized milk.
    • Risk Factor*
    • Increased risk associated with contact with infected animals, including pets and livestock.
    • Associations*
    • Frequently precedes cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome and reactive arthritis in infected individuals.

    Vibrio cholerae

    • Gram-negative, flagellated, and comma-shaped bacterium.
    • Oxidase-positive and thrives in alkaline media, making it distinctive among pathogens.
    • Majorly endemic in developing countries, posing significant public health risks.
    • Causes profuse, watery diarrhea described as "rice-water" due to an enterotoxin that activates Gs proteins, resulting in increased levels of cAMP.
    • Sensitive to stomach acid, requiring large infectious doses under typical conditions, unless gastric acidity is low.
    • Transmission*
    • Primarily transmitted through ingestion of contaminated water or uncooked food, notably raw shellfish.
    • Treatment*
    • Prioritizes oral rehydration solution for effective recovery from dehydration.

    Vibrio vulnificus

    • Gram-negative bacillus typically found in coastal marine environments.
    • Disease Associations*
    • Associated with severe wound infections or septicemia following exposure to contaminated seawater.
    • Presentation*
    • Can lead to cellulitis that might advance to necrotizing fasciitis, especially in individuals with pre-existing liver diseases such as cirrhosis or hemochromatosis.
    • Treatment*
    • Serious infections necessitate surgical intervention, including debridement of affected tissues.

    Klebsiella

    • Gram-negative rod bacterium.
    • Part of normal intestinal microbiota but can cause lobar pneumonia.
    • Frequently involved in healthcare-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs).
    • Linked to the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains.
    • Risk Factors*
    • Higher incidence in individuals with heavy alcohol consumption or compromised immune systems.
    • Diagnosis*
    • Characterized by very mucoid colonies due to large polysaccharide capsules.
    • Presentation of dark red "currant jelly" sputum, indicative of blood mixed with mucus.

    Campylobacter jejuni

    • Gram-negative bacterium with a distinctive comma or "S" shape, equipped with polar flagella.
    • Oxidase-positive, enabling specific tests for identification.
    • Optimal growth temperature is 42°C, reflecting a preference for warm environments.
    • Major contributor to bloody diarrhea, particularly affecting children.
    • Transmission*
    • Spread through fecal-oral route via person-to-person contact or consumption of undercooked contaminated poultry, meat, or unpasteurized milk.
    • Risk Factor*
    • Increased risk associated with contact with infected animals, including pets and livestock.
    • Associations*
    • Frequently precedes cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome and reactive arthritis in infected individuals.

    Vibrio cholerae

    • Gram-negative, flagellated, and comma-shaped bacterium.
    • Oxidase-positive and thrives in alkaline media, making it distinctive among pathogens.
    • Majorly endemic in developing countries, posing significant public health risks.
    • Causes profuse, watery diarrhea described as "rice-water" due to an enterotoxin that activates Gs proteins, resulting in increased levels of cAMP.
    • Sensitive to stomach acid, requiring large infectious doses under typical conditions, unless gastric acidity is low.
    • Transmission*
    • Primarily transmitted through ingestion of contaminated water or uncooked food, notably raw shellfish.
    • Treatment*
    • Prioritizes oral rehydration solution for effective recovery from dehydration.

    Vibrio vulnificus

    • Gram-negative bacillus typically found in coastal marine environments.
    • Disease Associations*
    • Associated with severe wound infections or septicemia following exposure to contaminated seawater.
    • Presentation*
    • Can lead to cellulitis that might advance to necrotizing fasciitis, especially in individuals with pre-existing liver diseases such as cirrhosis or hemochromatosis.
    • Treatment*
    • Serious infections necessitate surgical intervention, including debridement of affected tissues.

    Klebsiella

    • Gram-negative rod bacterium.
    • Part of normal intestinal microbiota but can cause lobar pneumonia.
    • Frequently involved in healthcare-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs).
    • Linked to the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains.
    • Risk Factors*
    • Higher incidence in individuals with heavy alcohol consumption or compromised immune systems.
    • Diagnosis*
    • Characterized by very mucoid colonies due to large polysaccharide capsules.
    • Presentation of dark red "currant jelly" sputum, indicative of blood mixed with mucus.

    Campylobacter jejuni

    • Gram-negative bacterium with a distinctive comma or "S" shape, equipped with polar flagella.
    • Oxidase-positive, enabling specific tests for identification.
    • Optimal growth temperature is 42°C, reflecting a preference for warm environments.
    • Major contributor to bloody diarrhea, particularly affecting children.
    • Transmission*
    • Spread through fecal-oral route via person-to-person contact or consumption of undercooked contaminated poultry, meat, or unpasteurized milk.
    • Risk Factor*
    • Increased risk associated with contact with infected animals, including pets and livestock.
    • Associations*
    • Frequently precedes cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome and reactive arthritis in infected individuals.

    Vibrio cholerae

    • Gram-negative, flagellated, and comma-shaped bacterium.
    • Oxidase-positive and thrives in alkaline media, making it distinctive among pathogens.
    • Majorly endemic in developing countries, posing significant public health risks.
    • Causes profuse, watery diarrhea described as "rice-water" due to an enterotoxin that activates Gs proteins, resulting in increased levels of cAMP.
    • Sensitive to stomach acid, requiring large infectious doses under typical conditions, unless gastric acidity is low.
    • Transmission*
    • Primarily transmitted through ingestion of contaminated water or uncooked food, notably raw shellfish.
    • Treatment*
    • Prioritizes oral rehydration solution for effective recovery from dehydration.

    Vibrio vulnificus

    • Gram-negative bacillus typically found in coastal marine environments.
    • Disease Associations*
    • Associated with severe wound infections or septicemia following exposure to contaminated seawater.
    • Presentation*
    • Can lead to cellulitis that might advance to necrotizing fasciitis, especially in individuals with pre-existing liver diseases such as cirrhosis or hemochromatosis.
    • Treatment*
    • Serious infections necessitate surgical intervention, including debridement of affected tissues.

    Klebsiella

    • Gram-negative rod bacterium.
    • Part of normal intestinal microbiota but can cause lobar pneumonia.
    • Frequently involved in healthcare-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs).
    • Linked to the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains.
    • Risk Factors*
    • Higher incidence in individuals with heavy alcohol consumption or compromised immune systems.
    • Diagnosis*
    • Characterized by very mucoid colonies due to large polysaccharide capsules.
    • Presentation of dark red "currant jelly" sputum, indicative of blood mixed with mucus.

    Campylobacter jejuni

    • Gram-negative bacterium with a distinctive comma or "S" shape, equipped with polar flagella.
    • Oxidase-positive, enabling specific tests for identification.
    • Optimal growth temperature is 42°C, reflecting a preference for warm environments.
    • Major contributor to bloody diarrhea, particularly affecting children.
    • Transmission*
    • Spread through fecal-oral route via person-to-person contact or consumption of undercooked contaminated poultry, meat, or unpasteurized milk.
    • Risk Factor*
    • Increased risk associated with contact with infected animals, including pets and livestock.
    • Associations*
    • Frequently precedes cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome and reactive arthritis in infected individuals.

    Vibrio cholerae

    • Gram-negative, flagellated, and comma-shaped bacterium.
    • Oxidase-positive and thrives in alkaline media, making it distinctive among pathogens.
    • Majorly endemic in developing countries, posing significant public health risks.
    • Causes profuse, watery diarrhea described as "rice-water" due to an enterotoxin that activates Gs proteins, resulting in increased levels of cAMP.
    • Sensitive to stomach acid, requiring large infectious doses under typical conditions, unless gastric acidity is low.
    • Transmission*
    • Primarily transmitted through ingestion of contaminated water or uncooked food, notably raw shellfish.
    • Treatment*
    • Prioritizes oral rehydration solution for effective recovery from dehydration.

    Vibrio vulnificus

    • Gram-negative bacillus typically found in coastal marine environments.
    • Disease Associations*
    • Associated with severe wound infections or septicemia following exposure to contaminated seawater.
    • Presentation*
    • Can lead to cellulitis that might advance to necrotizing fasciitis, especially in individuals with pre-existing liver diseases such as cirrhosis or hemochromatosis.
    • Treatment*
    • Serious infections necessitate surgical intervention, including debridement of affected tissues.

    Klebsiella

    • Gram-negative rod bacterium.
    • Part of normal intestinal microbiota but can cause lobar pneumonia.
    • Frequently involved in healthcare-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs).
    • Linked to the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains.
    • Risk Factors*
    • Higher incidence in individuals with heavy alcohol consumption or compromised immune systems.
    • Diagnosis*
    • Characterized by very mucoid colonies due to large polysaccharide capsules.
    • Presentation of dark red "currant jelly" sputum, indicative of blood mixed with mucus.

    Campylobacter jejuni

    • Gram-negative bacterium with a distinctive comma or "S" shape, equipped with polar flagella.
    • Oxidase-positive, enabling specific tests for identification.
    • Optimal growth temperature is 42°C, reflecting a preference for warm environments.
    • Major contributor to bloody diarrhea, particularly affecting children.
    • Transmission*
    • Spread through fecal-oral route via person-to-person contact or consumption of undercooked contaminated poultry, meat, or unpasteurized milk.
    • Risk Factor*
    • Increased risk associated with contact with infected animals, including pets and livestock.
    • Associations*
    • Frequently precedes cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome and reactive arthritis in infected individuals.

    Vibrio cholerae

    • Gram-negative, flagellated, and comma-shaped bacterium.
    • Oxidase-positive and thrives in alkaline media, making it distinctive among pathogens.
    • Majorly endemic in developing countries, posing significant public health risks.
    • Causes profuse, watery diarrhea described as "rice-water" due to an enterotoxin that activates Gs proteins, resulting in increased levels of cAMP.
    • Sensitive to stomach acid, requiring large infectious doses under typical conditions, unless gastric acidity is low.
    • Transmission*
    • Primarily transmitted through ingestion of contaminated water or uncooked food, notably raw shellfish.
    • Treatment*
    • Prioritizes oral rehydration solution for effective recovery from dehydration.

    Vibrio vulnificus

    • Gram-negative bacillus typically found in coastal marine environments.
    • Disease Associations*
    • Associated with severe wound infections or septicemia following exposure to contaminated seawater.
    • Presentation*
    • Can lead to cellulitis that might advance to necrotizing fasciitis, especially in individuals with pre-existing liver diseases such as cirrhosis or hemochromatosis.
    • Treatment*
    • Serious infections necessitate surgical intervention, including debridement of affected tissues.

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    Test your knowledge on the characteristics, risks, and diagnosis associated with Klebsiella and Campylobacter jejuni. This quiz explores the clinical significance of these Gram-negative bacteria, including their transmission and common infections they cause. Perfect for students in microbiology or related fields.

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