Microbiology Introduction
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of microbiology?

  • The science that deals with the study of microorganisms of nucleus
  • The science that deals with the study of microorganisms that cannot be seen by naked eye. (correct)
  • The science that deals with the study of microorganisms of cellular membrane.
  • The science that deals with the study of microorganisms that can be seen by naked eye.

    • How are microorganisms divided according to their structure?

  • According to their nucleus membrane and type of nucleus (correct)
  • According to their nucleus and cellular wall
  • According to their cellular membrane and shape
  • According to their nucleus and mitochondria

    • What are Eukaryotes?

  • They are microorganisms that have a nucleus without a membrane.
  • They are microorganisms that have a nucleus with a membrane. (correct)
  • They are microorganisms that do not have a nucleus.
  • They are microorganisms that do not have a cellular membrane.

    • What are viruses?

    <p>They are genetic material inside a cellular membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Prokaryotes?

    <p>They are microorganisms that have a nucleus without a membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the bacterial cell wall?

    <p>To provide shape to the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the plasmid in a bacterial cell?

    <p>To carry extra genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cytoplasmic membrane in a bacterial cell?

    <p>To regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cell structure mentioned?

    <p>To rescue the cell from antibodies and harmful chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ribosome in a bacterial cell?

    <p>To synthesize proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of substances does the cell structure protect against?

    <p>Harmful chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome if the cell structure fails to function?

    <p>The cell is damaged by harmful chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the flagella in a bacterial cell?

    <p>To provide movement to the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pili in a bacterial cell?

    <p>To provide attachment to surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a function of the cell structure?

    <p>Producing harmful chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the chromosome in a bacterial cell?

    <p>To carry genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the cell structure and antibodies?

    <p>The cell structure rescues the cell from antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the bacterial cell wall important?

    <p>It protects the cell from the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of bacteria based on?

    <p>Outer structure (cell wall)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of Gram positive bacteria?

    <p>Thick peptidoglycan layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Teichoic acids?

    <p>Act as major surface antigen determinants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the cell wall in Gram positive bacteria?

    <p>Peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria?

    <p>Outer structure (cell wall)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cell wall in Gram positive bacteria?

    <p>Thick and rigid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between Teichoic acids and peptidoglycan?

    <p>Teichoic acids are intertwined with peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the thick layer in Gram positive bacteria?

    <p>Peptidoglycan layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the peptidoglycan layer in Gram-positive bacteria?

    <p>Several layers thick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference in the outer membrane between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>Present in Gram-negative bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of toxin is produced by Gram-positive bacteria?

    <p>Exotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>Two layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Gram-negative bacteria more virulent?

    <p>Due to the presence of an outer membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of lipopolysaccharides?

    <p>Present in Gram-negative bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antibiotics are Gram-positive bacteria susceptible to?

    <p>Cell wall targeting antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of teichoic acids?

    <p>Present in Gram-positive bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Microbiology

    • Microbiology is the science that deals with the study of microorganisms that cannot be seen by the naked eye.

    Classification of Microorganisms

    • Microorganisms can be classified into three categories based on their structure:
      • Eukaryotes (have a nuclear membrane)
      • Prokaryotes (do not have a nuclear membrane)
      • Viruses (not a cell, just a genetic material inside a membrane)

    Bacterial Cell Structure

    • Components of a bacterial cell:
      • Cell wall
      • Cytoplasmic membrane
      • Chromosome
      • Plasmid
      • Ribosome
      • Flagella
      • Pili

    Function of Bacterial Cell Wall

    • Provides support for the cell's characteristic shape
    • Protects the plasma membrane and other cytoplasmic inclusions from adverse environments
    • Provides support for attachment to the flagella
    • Rescues the cell from antibodies and harmful chemicals

    Classification of Bacteria

    • Bacteria can be classified into two large groups based on their cell wall structure:
      • Gram positive bacteria
      • Gram negative bacteria

    Characteristics of Gram Positive Bacteria

    • Thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall
    • Simpler chemical structure with a thick peptidoglycan layer
    • Teichoic acids are intertwined among the peptidoglycan and are the major surface antigen determinants

    Characteristics of Gram Negative Bacteria

    • Thin peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall
    • More complex chemical structure with a thin peptidoglycan layer
    • Rich in lipids and have an outer membrane consisting of a lipid bilayer with phosphate and proteins
    • No teichoic acids in their cell wall

    Difference between Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria

    • Gram positive bacteria:
      • No outer membrane
      • Thick peptidoglycan layer
      • Teichoic acids present
      • Less virulent
      • Susceptible to cell wall targeting antibiotics
      • One layer in the cell wall
      • No lipopolysaccharides
      • Produce exotoxins
    • Gram negative bacteria:
      • Outer membrane present
      • Thin peptidoglycan layer
      • Teichoic acids absent
      • More virulent
      • Resistant to cell wall targeting antibiotics
      • Two layers in the cell wall
      • Lipopolysaccharides present
      • Produce endotoxins

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    Explore the science of microbiology, studying microorganisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye, including their classification into prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

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