Microbiology in Industrial Production and Public Health
38 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the role of a Public Health Microbiologist?

  • To study the life cycle of parasites
  • To examine the life cycle of microorganisms
  • To use microorganisms in the industry/commercial enterprises
  • To track, control, and prevent communicable diseases and other health hazards (correct)

    • What is the function of some microbes in industrial production?

  • To study the life cycle of parasites
  • To produce oxygen through photosynthesis
  • To decompose industrial wastes (correct)
  • To cause problems for people with weak immune systems

    • What is the role of Biotechnology?

  • To track, control, and prevent communicable diseases
  • To study the life cycle of parasites
  • To examine the life cycle of microorganisms
  • To use microorganisms in the industry/commercial enterprises (correct)

    • What is the process by which some microbes produce oxygen?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Clinical Microbiology?

    <p>To track the epidemiology, transmission of pathogens, disease-prevention measures, treatment of infectious diseases, and production of vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the microorganisms that live in and on the human body?

    <p>Indigenous microflora or indigenous microbiota</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the use of microorganisms to clean up environmental wastes?

    <p>Bioremediation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microbe is known to often cause infections in humans?

    <p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic that distinguishes protists from fungi, animals, and plants?

    <p>They are eukaryotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of protist species that have yet to be identified?

    <p>Between 60,000 and 200,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are protozoa classified taxonomically?

    <p>By their mode of locomotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of protists' environments?

    <p>They are found in almost any environment that contains liquid water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of protist sizes?

    <p>From tiny and unicellular to large and multicellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic that protists do not have?

    <p>They have highly specialized tissues or organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target of β-lactams in the cell?

    <p>Cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antibiotics targets the 30S subunit of ribosomes?

    <p>Aminoglycosides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Cefalexin?

    <p>Inhibition of cell wall formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation of cephalosporins does Ceftriaxone belong to?

    <p>3rd generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of Polymyxin B in the cell?

    <p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antibiotics is Daptomycin an example of?

    <p>Lipopeptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target of Glycopeptides in the cell?

    <p>Cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation of cephalosporins does Cefepime belong to?

    <p>4th generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of macrolides?

    <p>Inhibit protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of drugs are fluoroquinolones?

    <p>Bactericidal drugs that inhibit DNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using multi-drug therapy?

    <p>To kill all the pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of cephalosporin?

    <p>It is bactericidal and interferes with cell wall synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp.?

    <p>They are resistant to most anti-enterococcal drugs, including vancomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of penicillin?

    <p>Interfere with cell wall synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

    <p>Two or more drugs may be used simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of drug is azithromycin?

    <p>Macrolide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of water in the cytoplasm of a cell?

    <p>70-80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of slime layers in bacteria?

    <p>To protect the bacteria from loss of water and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the highly organized polysaccharides that are part of the glycocalyx?

    <p>Capsules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of ribosomes?

    <p>Tiny particles composed of RNA and protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of inclusions in bacteria?

    <p>To store nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the gelatinous solution that fills the entire cell?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the vaccine that is related to the capsular type of Haemophilus influenzae?

    <p>Hib vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the loose shield that protects some bacteria from environmental dangers?

    <p>Slime layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Microorganisms and Human Health

    • Living microorganisms are present in and out of the human body, known as indigenous microflora or indigenous microbiota.
    • Opportunistic pathogens can cause problems for people with weak immune systems or when they gain access to a part of the human body where they do not belong.
    • Microorganisms are essential for life, and some microbes produce oxygen through photosynthesis.
    • Some microbes are capable of decomposing industrial wastes, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

    Microbiology and Biotechnology

    • Biotechnology involves the use of microorganisms in industry and commercial enterprises.
    • Bioremediation is the use of microorganisms to clean up environmental wastes.
    • Clinical Microbiology involves epidemiology, transmission of pathogens, disease-prevention measures, treatment of infectious diseases, and production of vaccines.

    Cell Structure and Function

    • Cytoplasm is a water-based solution filling the entire cell, composed of 70-80% water and larger, discrete cell masses.
    • Ribosomes are tiny particles composed of RNA and protein, responsible for protein synthesis.
    • Capsules are highly organized polysaccharides that provide protection to the bacteria cell.
    • Slime layers are a loose shield that protects some bacteria from loss of water and nutrients.
    • Inclusions are stored nutrients such as fat, phosphate, or glycogen deposited in dense crystals or particles.

    Kingdom Protista

    • Protists are eukaryotes that are not fungi, animals, or plants.
    • They can be tiny and unicellular, like an amoeba, or large and multicellular, like seaweed.
    • There are between 60,000 and 200,000 protist species, and many have yet to be identified.

    Antimicrobial Agents

    • β-lactams include penicillin, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems.
    • Glycopeptides include vancomycin.
    • Bacitracin is a polypeptide antibiotic.
    • Cefalexin, Cefazolin, and Cefradine are 1st generation cephalosporins.
    • Cefaclor, Cefprozil, and Cefuroxime are 2nd generation cephalosporins.
    • Cefdinir, Ceftriaxone, and Ceftazidime are 3rd generation cephalosporins.
    • Cefepime and Cefpirome are 4th generation cephalosporins.
    • Ceftobiprole and Ceftaroline are 5th generation cephalosporins.
    • Macrolides include erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin.
    • Fluoroquinolones include ciprofloxacin.
    • Multi-drug therapy involves using two or more drugs simultaneously to kill all the pathogens.

    Resistance and Infections

    • Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE) are resistant to most anti-enterococcal drugs, including vancomycin.
    • Synercid and Zyvox are used to treat VRE infections.
    • Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol are used to treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz covers the role of microorganisms in industrial production and their impact on public health, including the role of microbiologists in tracking and controlling communicable diseases.

    More Like This

    Industrial Microbiology Quiz
    5 questions

    Industrial Microbiology Quiz

    PrestigiousInfinity avatar
    PrestigiousInfinity
    Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation
    32 questions

    Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation

    NobleMilkyWay avatar
    NobleMilkyWay
    Introduction to Industrial Microbiology
    40 questions

    Introduction to Industrial Microbiology

    DecisiveComputerArt avatar
    DecisiveComputerArt
    Industrial Microbiology & Fermentation (BT 203)
    24 questions

    Industrial Microbiology & Fermentation (BT 203)

    UseableManganese avatar
    UseableManganese
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser