Microbiology Genomic DNA Chapter 8 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does DNA encode in the context of genetics?

  • Non-functional RNA
  • Templates
  • Proteins (correct)
  • Chromosomes
  • What is the genetic makeup of an organism called?

  • Heredity Information
  • Prokaryotic Chromosome
  • Genotype (correct)
  • Phenotype
  • What is the term for the expression of genes resulting in visible traits?

  • Encode
  • Heredity Information
  • Phenotype (correct)
  • Genomics
  • What is the term used for all the genetic information in a cell?

    <p>Genomics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In genetics, what is the functional product usually encoded by DNA?

    <p>Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic code based on?

    <p>Triplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule binds to start transcription?

    <p>Polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reverse of the negative strand of DNA?

    <p>Complementary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process where an mRNA is generated from DNA?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In genetics, what does ORF stand for?

    <p>Open Reading Frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process transfers genetic information through the replication of DNA?

    <p>Vertical gene transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for the transfer of genetic information from one geneon to the rest?

    <p>Replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context provided, what does the sequence '5' AUGCCA 3' represent?

    <p>MRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Binary fission in the context of the text above?

    <p>Replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the transfer of genetic information between organisms in a vertical manner?

    <p>DA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central dogma of life?

    <p>Genomic DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic code composed of?

    <p>Triplets of nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a ribosome?

    <p>To translate RNA into protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does AUG represent in the genetic code?

    <p>Start codon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of chromosome is the genetic map mentioned in the text found?

    <p>Prokaryotic chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Genetic Code and Structure

    • The genetic code is a triplet code, consisting of three nucleotides.
    • A prokaryotic chromosome is a single circular DNA molecule.
    • RNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.
    • The sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA is composed of 5-carbon sugars (ribose) and phosphate groups.

    Transcription and Translation

    • Transcription is the process of creating mRNA from DNA.
    • The POLY merase enzyme binds to the start of transcription.
    • The open reading frame (ORF) is the sequence of DNA that codes for a protein.
    • The sequence of mRNA is complementary to the template DNA strand.

    Gene Expression

    • Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, including both coding and non-coding regions.
    • Phenotype refers to the physical expression of the genes, resulting in a protein product.
    • The flow of genetic information is from DNA to RNA to protein (Central Dogma of Life).

    Gene Transfer

    • Vertical gene transfer is the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next through DNA replication and binary fission.
    • Horizontal gene transfer is the transfer of genetic information between organisms other than by vertical inheritance.

    Prokaryotic Chromosome

    • The genetic map of a prokaryotic chromosome shows the location of genes and their relationship to each other.
    • Mutations can occur in DNA sequences, resulting in changes to the genetic code.
    • The wildtype is the normal or non-mutated DNA sequence.

    Miscellaneous

    • Genome refers to all the genetic information in an organism.
    • Genes are the basic units of heredity, carrying information from one generation to the next.
    • Genetic information is encoded in DNA, which is composed of coding and non-coding regions.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on messanger RNA, Central Dogma of Life, Genetic Code, Genetic Map of a Prokaryotic Chromosome, and Mutations in DNA sequences in Microbiology Chapter 8.

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