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Questions and Answers
What does DNA encode in the context of genetics?
What is the genetic makeup of an organism called?
What is the term for the expression of genes resulting in visible traits?
What is the term used for all the genetic information in a cell?
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In genetics, what is the functional product usually encoded by DNA?
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What is the genetic code based on?
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Which molecule binds to start transcription?
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What is the reverse of the negative strand of DNA?
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What is the process where an mRNA is generated from DNA?
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In genetics, what does ORF stand for?
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What process transfers genetic information through the replication of DNA?
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Which process is responsible for the transfer of genetic information from one geneon to the rest?
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In the context provided, what does the sequence '5' AUGCCA 3' represent?
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What is the primary purpose of Binary fission in the context of the text above?
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Which process involves the transfer of genetic information between organisms in a vertical manner?
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What is the central dogma of life?
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What is the genetic code composed of?
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What is the function of a ribosome?
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What does AUG represent in the genetic code?
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In which type of chromosome is the genetic map mentioned in the text found?
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Study Notes
Genetic Code and Structure
- The genetic code is a triplet code, consisting of three nucleotides.
- A prokaryotic chromosome is a single circular DNA molecule.
- RNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.
- The sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA is composed of 5-carbon sugars (ribose) and phosphate groups.
Transcription and Translation
- Transcription is the process of creating mRNA from DNA.
- The POLY merase enzyme binds to the start of transcription.
- The open reading frame (ORF) is the sequence of DNA that codes for a protein.
- The sequence of mRNA is complementary to the template DNA strand.
Gene Expression
- Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, including both coding and non-coding regions.
- Phenotype refers to the physical expression of the genes, resulting in a protein product.
- The flow of genetic information is from DNA to RNA to protein (Central Dogma of Life).
Gene Transfer
- Vertical gene transfer is the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next through DNA replication and binary fission.
- Horizontal gene transfer is the transfer of genetic information between organisms other than by vertical inheritance.
Prokaryotic Chromosome
- The genetic map of a prokaryotic chromosome shows the location of genes and their relationship to each other.
- Mutations can occur in DNA sequences, resulting in changes to the genetic code.
- The wildtype is the normal or non-mutated DNA sequence.
Miscellaneous
- Genome refers to all the genetic information in an organism.
- Genes are the basic units of heredity, carrying information from one generation to the next.
- Genetic information is encoded in DNA, which is composed of coding and non-coding regions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on messanger RNA, Central Dogma of Life, Genetic Code, Genetic Map of a Prokaryotic Chromosome, and Mutations in DNA sequences in Microbiology Chapter 8.
