أسئلة ريتين الثامنة ميكرو دمياط (قبل التعديل)

Dermatophytes primarily invade the epidermis, hair, and nails, but not the dermis.

Fungal infections such as candidiasis and aspergillosis are particularly concerning for immunocompromised patients.

The two parts are one for microscopy and the other for culture.

<p>KOH is used to dissolve keratin and aid in the visualization of fungal cells under the microscope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Echinocandins inhibit cell wall synthesis; an example is Caspofungin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultures are incubated at both temperatures to reveal the dimorphism of certain fungi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Candida is part of the normal flora but can cause infections when the immune system is compromised.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complications include increased susceptibility to fungal infections such as cryptocomosis and candidiasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycology is the study of fungi. Most fungi are commonly found in soil and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fungal cell walls are rigid and composed of chitin, glucans, and mannans, while the cell membranes contain ergosterol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vegetative hyphae anchor the colony and absorb nutrients, while aerial hyphae project above the reproductive structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sporangiospores are endogenous spores that develop within a sporangium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycosis refers to infections caused by fungi due to their invasion of tissues and organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melanin production in fungi protects them from phagocytosis, temperature extremes, and UV radiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycotoxicosis is due to accidental consumption of food contaminated by fungal toxins, such as aflatoxicosis from Aspergillus flavus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fungi have a parasitic phase that occurs at 37°C in host tissues, and a saprophytic phase that occurs at 22-25°C in ordinary media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspergillus fumigatus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral thrush appears as discrete white patches on the tongue and buccal mucosa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infection typically occurs in moist, warm areas such as the axilla, groin, and submammary fold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspergilloma occurs when the fungus forms a ball in a preexisting lung cavity, often due to tuberculosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specimens are obtained according to the site of infection, using techniques like direct microscopy and culture on SDA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspergillus fumigatus cultures display smooth, white, creamy colonies with a yeast odor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Germ tube formation indicates the presence of Candida albicans when grown in human serum at 37°C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient has rheumatoid arthritis and is on corticosteroids, which suppress his immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yeast-like fungi reproduce by budding or fission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thermotolerance protects fungi from temperature extremes and enhances their survival in host tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Culture on SDA shows white, creamy colonies with a distinct yeast odor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filamentous fungi produce conidiospores, which are exogenous spores formed from hyphal branches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A capsule protects fungi from phagocytosis and enhances their ability to invade host tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common sites include mucous membranes, the skin in moist areas, and nails.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An Aspergilloma presents as a fungus ball in a preexisting lung cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycotoxicosis results from ingesting food contaminated with fungal toxins, while mycetismus is due to consuming mushrooms containing preformed toxins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It appears as discrete white patches on the tongue and buccal mucosa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipases help fungi invade host tissues by breaking down cell membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biofilm formation allows fungi to adhere to surfaces and resist antifungal treatments, leading to persistent infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>India ink preparation reveals capsulated blue yeast cells when viewed under microscopy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hematogenous spread implies that the fungus disseminates through the bloodstream to various organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental exposure to fungal spores, such as in damp or moldy conditions, contributes to hypersensitivity reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient's use of corticosteroids significantly increases his risk of infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Candida albicans is characterized by the presence of pseudohyphae and budding yeast cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antifungal drugs can inhibit cell wall synthesis via echinocandins and disrupt ergosterol synthesis through azoles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cryptococcosis and candidiasis are two fungal infections that primarily affect immunocompromised individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sabouraud dextrose agar supports the growth of fungi while chloramphenicol and cycloheximide prevent bacterial and yeast contamination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specimen preparation includes one part for microscopy and another for culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fungal spores inhaled from the environment can lead to lung infections and exacerbate existing local mycoses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>KOH dissolves keratin and cellular material, allowing for better visibility of fungal structures under a microscope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dimorphic fungi can exist in both yeast and mold forms, complicating diagnosis and treatment and primarily affecting the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corticosteroid therapy can increase susceptibility to fungal infections due to immune suppression.</p> Signup and view all the answers