أسئلة ريتين الثامنة ميكرو دمياط (قبل التعديل)

Fungal infections that affect the epidermis, hair and nails, but NOT the dermis. They are caused by dermatophytes.

Fungal infections involving deeper tissues, including the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, and fascia. They are often caused by fungi in the environment, like mycetoma.

Fungal infections caused by organisms like Candida (normal flora) or Aspergillus (from the environment). They occur mainly in immunocompromised individuals.

Fungal infections that affect multiple organs, particularly the lungs, due to inhalation of spores or spread from local infections.

A fungal infection caused by the yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, often found in pigeon droppings.

A fungal infection caused by the Candida species, a common inhabitant of the body's normal flora.

A fungal infection caused by the Aspergillus species, whose spores are found in the environment.

The use of Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide to inhibit bacterial and saprophytic fungal contamination during fungal culture.

The study of fungi, which are diverse eukaryotic organisms found in various environments.

Fungi are eukaryotic organisms, meaning they possess a true nucleus enclosed by a nuclear membrane.

Fungi have a rigid cell wall composed of chitin, glucans, mannans, and complex polysaccharides, providing structural support.

Fungi typically require oxygen for growth (obligate aerobes) but some can survive in low-oxygen conditions (facultative anaerobes).

Round or oval single-celled fungi that reproduce by budding or fission. Examples: Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida.

Filamentous fungi are characterized by branching, tubular structures called hyphae. These hyphae can be septate (compartmentalized) or aseptate (uncompartmentalized).

Fungi that can switch between yeast-like and filamentous forms depending on environmental conditions. This is a significant factor in fungal infections.

Fungi cause disease through various mechanisms, including toxin production, tissue invasion, capsule formation, enzyme production, and biofilm formation.

Aspergillus fumigatus is a common fungal pathogen that can cause a range of infections in humans, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems.

A type of Aspergillus infection that primarily affects the skin, mucous membranes, and nails.

A serious type of Aspergillus infection that invades the lungs and can spread to other organs.

A type of Aspergillus infection that affects the paranasal sinuses, external ear, or eyes. It can cause inflammation and discomfort.

A type of Aspergillus infection that affects the respiratory system, often occurring in individuals with asthma.

A type of Aspergillus infection that affects the moist areas of the skin, such as the axilla, groin, or submammary fold.

A type of Aspergillus infection that affects the nails, often involving inflammation of the nail fold.

A culture medium used to grow fungi, containing Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide to prevent bacterial and other fungal contamination.

A common mold found in the environment, Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause a range of infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.

Superficial aspergillosis is a type of Aspergillus infection that affects the skin, mucous membranes, and nails. It's often acquired from contact with contaminated materials or surfaces.

Invasive aspergillosis is a serious and life-threatening condition that involves the lungs. It can spread to other organs, often affecting immune-compromised individuals.

Cryptococcal meningitis, a rare but serious infection affecting the brain and spinal cord, is more common in patients with weakened immune systems. It's often caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, a type of yeast found in nature.

The fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, a common cause for cryptococcal meningitis, can be identified by its characteristic creamy, white colonies on a Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) plate. The identification of Cryptococcus neoformans is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment.

Candida albicans, a common yeast found in the human body, can cause infections in various locations like the mouth, vagina, or skin. It becomes opportunistic in individuals with weakened immune systems or altered microflora.

Candida albicans can be identified by its characteristic germ tube formation. After a few hours on human serum at 37°C, the yeast cells form filamentous outgrowths, indicating the presence of Candida albicans. This rapid testing method is crucial for confirming an infection.

Invasive Aspergillosis, a serious lung infection caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, is often diagnosed through a combination of clinical findings, imaging tests, and laboratory analysis of samples. The identification of Aspergillus fumigatus in a patient with symptoms of invasive aspergillosis is crucial for prompt treatment.