Microbiology Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a sub-discipline of microbiology?

  • Bacteriology
  • Botany (correct)
  • Mycology
  • Virology

Who is credited as being the 'father of microbiology' due to his work with early microscopes?

  • Louis Pasteur
  • Alexander Fleming
  • Robert Koch
  • Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (correct)

Which cellular structure is present in eukaryotic cells but absent in prokaryotic cells?

  • Cell wall
  • Ribosomes
  • Nucleus (correct)
  • Plasma membrane

What is the primary component of the cell wall in bacteria, which is notably thicker in Gram-positive bacteria?

<p>Peptidoglycan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to viruses?

<p>Obligate intracellular parasitism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of Koch's postulates?

<p>A set of criteria to establish a causative link between a microorganism and a disease. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of plasmids in bacterial genetics?

<p>They can carry genes for antibiotic resistance and are transferred during conjugation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metabolic process utilizes an inorganic molecule other than oxygen as the final electron acceptor?

<p>Anaerobic respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A newly discovered bacterium thrives in extremely alkaline conditions (pH 11.5) and at temperatures above 80°C. Which of the following classifications BEST describes this organism?

<p>Alkaliphilic Thermophile (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is studying a newly identified virus that infects archaea. The virus contains an unusual modified base in its DNA that prevents restriction enzymes from cutting its genome. This is MOST likely an adaptation to:

<p>Evade the host's immune system and restriction modification systems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

What is Microbiology?

The study of microscopic organisms, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.

What are Bacteria?

Single-celled prokaryotic organisms with peptidoglycan cell walls (except mycoplasmas).

What are Viruses?

Acellular entities with DNA or RNA enclosed in a capsid that replicate inside living cells.

What are Fungi?

Eukaryotic organisms with chitin cell walls, including yeasts and molds, that reproduce via spores.

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What are Protozoa?

Unicellular eukaryotic organisms that lack cell walls and move via flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia.

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What is Microbial Growth?

Increase in the number of cells in a microbial population, affected by temperature, pH, oxygen, water, and nutrients.

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What is Catabolism?

Reactions breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

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What are Plasmids?

Small, circular DNA separate from the chromosome, carrying genes like antibiotic resistance.

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What is Sterilization?

Eliminates all forms of microbial life using methods like heat or chemicals.

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What is Immunology?

The study of the immune system, which defends the body against pathogens.

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Study Notes

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