23 Questions
What is a common symptom of upper urinary tract infection?
Dysuria
Which type of infection is characterized by kidney damage?
Pyelonephritis
What is the most common causative agent of UTIs?
E. coli
Which factor increases the risk of UTIs in females compared to males?
Shorter urethra
What is the term for a systemic infection resulting from a UTI entering the bloodstream?
Urosepsis
Which antibiotic is commonly used for treating simple UTIs?
Nitrofurantoin
What is the primary specimen recommended for laboratory diagnosis of UTI?
Clean catched midstream urine
Which age group is more at risk for UTI?
Elderly individuals
What is a common contributing factor for UTI in males?
Neurogenic bladder dysfunction
Which underlying disease increases the risk of UTI according to the text?
Diabetes mellitus
What anatomical abnormality can contribute to UTI in younger individuals?
Prostatic adenoma
What acts as a barrier to infection by decreasing adherence of bacteria to the bladder mucosa?
Bladder mucin layer
Which of the following is a common causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and is a gram-negative rod found in the intestinal tract of humans and animals?
Escherichia coli
Which bacterium is NOT listed as one of the common causative agents of urinary tract infections?
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Which urinary symptom is NOT typically associated with lower urinary tract infections?
Fever
What is the natural habitat of Enterobacteriaceae, a group of gram-negative rods that are common causative agents of UTIs?
Intestinal tract
Which bacterium colonizes the perineum, rectum, and gastrointestinal tract, and is considered normal human flora that can cause UTIs in young sexually active females?
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
What is the recommended specimen type for evaluating urine cultures?
Voided, clean-catch or indwelling cath
Which bacteria grow well on both Blood Agar Plate (BAP) and MacConkey agar?
Gram negative rods
What is the colony count that is considered significant to indicate a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)?
100 cfu/ml
How should urine cultures with more than 2 pathogens be reported?
"Mixed flora"
What is the recommended incubation time for the culture in an air incubator?
24 hours
Which gender category is indicated to have an asymptomatic status in this case?
Males
Study Notes
- Antibiotics like Trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, Fosfomycin, Nitrofurantoin, Cephalexin, and Ceftriaxone are commonly used to treat UTIs.
- Factors contributing to urinary tract infections (UTIs) include age (very young and old individuals are at higher risk), gender (more common in females due to anatomy), instrumentation like catheters, neurogenic bladder dysfunction, obstruction, underlying diseases like diabetes, and vesico-ureteral reflex.
- UTIs can lead to systemic infections like urosepsis when the infection spreads to the bloodstream causing a systemic infection.
- Common causative agents of UTIs are gram-negative rods like Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus spp., as well as Enterococci and Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
- Criteria for evaluating urine cultures include specimen type, significant pathogen colony-forming units (CFU/ml), and interpretation of culture results indicating UTI presence.
Explore systemic infections related to bacteriology with a focus on urinary tract infections. Learn about the presence of microorganisms in the urinary tract, host defense mechanisms, micturition, bladder mucosa, and common causes of UTIs.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
