Microbiology: Chlamydia and Mycoplasma Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of Chlamydia?

  • Airborne
  • Vector-borne
  • Contaminated food and water
  • Sexual contact

Which of the following is a characteristic of Mycoplasma?

  • Gram-negative
  • Gram-positive
  • Motile
  • Lack of cell walls (correct)

What is the most common symptom of Chlamydia in women?

  • Abdominal pain
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease
  • Fever
  • Asymptomatic (correct)

Mycoplasma is typically found in which environment?

<p>Human respiratory tract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chlamydia is caused by which type of bacteria?

<p>Gram-negative (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most frequent cause of STD in the U.S.?

<p>Chlamydia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of untreated trachoma?

<p>Blindness often occurs in 15-20 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of transmission for neonatal inclusion conjunctivitis?

<p>Direct contact with infected cervical secretions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the host's inflammatory response to Chlamydia?

<p>Tissue damage and cell death (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical timing of neonatal inclusion conjunctivitis after birth?

<p>2-3 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the adult form of inclusion conjunctivitis?

<p>Associated with genital disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the usual mode of transmission for trachoma?

<p>Droplet, hands, fomites, and flies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical manifestation of trachoma?

<p>Acute conjunctivitis followed by severe corneal scarring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Chlamydia trachomatis in developing countries?

<p>It's a common cause of blindness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between Chlamydia and nutrients?

<p>Chlamydia competes with host cells for nutrients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of nongonococcal urethritis in men is caused by C.trachomatis?

<p>40% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common syndrome seen in females infected with C.trachomatis?

<p>Cervicitis, salpingitis, and urethral syndromes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for Chlamydia infections?

<p>Antimicrobials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of common STDs that C.trachomatis is one of?

<p>5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of annual cases of C.trachomatis?

<p>4 million (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diagnostic methods is most sensitive and specific for Chlamydia?

<p>Isolation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Iodine staining in the diagnosis of Chlamydia?

<p>To visualize inclusions in cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common manifestation of LGV?

<p>Small, painless genital ulcer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms is associated with urogenital infections?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common systemic manifestation of LGV?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Serology in the diagnosis of Chlamydia?

<p>To diagnose acute infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnosis of LGV based on?

<p>Characteristics of the genital ulcer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diagnostic methods detects organisms in clinical samples?

<p>ELISA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of annual cases of psittacosis in the U.S.?

<p>Fewer than 50 cases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of inclusions in cells infected with Chlamydia?

<p>Presence of inclusions after several days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of Chlamydia?

<p>Chlamydia trachomatis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chlamydia and Mycoplasma

Chlamydia

  • Primary mode of transmission: Sexual contact
  • Caused by: Chlamydia trachomatis, a type of bacterium
  • Most common symptom in women: Asymptomatic, but can cause abnormal vaginal discharge, burning sensation while urinating, or abdominal pain

Mycoplasma

  • Characteristic: Lacks a cell wall
  • Typically found in: Respiratory tract, particularly in the mucous membrane of the lungs

Chlamydiae Characteristics

  • Possess DNA and RNA
  • Multiply via binary fission
  • Susceptible to several antibiotics
  • Small, variable shape (generally rounded)
  • Unusual replicative cycle

Life Cycle

  • Elementary body: small, extracellular, infectious stage
  • Enters via endocytosis and resides within phagosome
  • Metabolically active and reorganizes within one hour of infection into reticulate body

Reticulate Body

  • Larger, intracellular, non-infectious
  • Cannot survive outside of cell
  • Uses host ATP to divide
  • After 24-72 hours, becomes elementary body
  • Replicates within cytoplasm of host cells
  • Intracellular inclusions can be seen by light microscope
  • Between 48-72 hours, cell ruptures and infective elementary bodies are released

Virulence Factors

  • Not completely known
  • Produce heat-labile toxins
  • Compete with host cell for nutrients
  • Cause tissue damage and cell death

Chlamydia Trachomatis

  • Divided into 3 biovars
  • Cause eye infections (two forms): trachoma and inclusion conjunctivitis

Trachoma

  • Caused by serotypes A, B, Ba, and C
  • Chronic keratoconjunctivitis
  • More common in developing countries
  • Transmission through droplet, hands, fomites, and flies
  • Leading cause of preventable blindness in developing countries

Inclusion Conjunctivitis

  • Acute inflammation of conjunctiva seen in adults and infants
  • Common in populations with high numbers of Chlamydia genital infections
  • Neonatal form results from direct contact with infected cervical secretions
  • Presents as acute, copious, mucopurulent eye discharge
  • Symptoms can resolve without treatment

Genital Infection

  • Most frequent cause of STD in U.S.
  • Treatment: antimicrobials, tetracycline, erythromycin, sulfonamides, and rifampin
  • Control: treat known cases, prevent exposure

Diagnostics

  • Isolation: most sensitive and specific method
  • Direct staining: Giemsa, iodine, or immunofluorescence
  • ELISA: used to detect organisms in clinical samples
  • Serology: used to diagnose acute infections, must show 4-fold titer increase, high IgM suggestive of recent infection

Chlamydophila Pneumoniae

  • Worldwide distribution
  • Infections seen between 7-30 years of age
  • Infections usually mild to moderate, but can be severe in elderly
  • Associated with pneumonia, bronchitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, and flu-like illness
  • Diagnosis based on clinical presentation and laboratory tests

Mycoplasmataceae

  • Urogenital infections: Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Ureaplasma parvum
  • Respiratory infections: M. pneumoniae
  • Distinct venereal disease from C. trachomatis
  • One of 5 common STDs: gonorrhoeae, syphilis, herpes, chancroid

LGV (Lymphogranuloma Venereum)

  • Systemic manifestations: hepatitis, pneumonitis, meningoencephalitis
  • Diagnosis: characteristic appearance, laboratory tests
  • Two stages: genital lesion, lymph adenitis

Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) Psittaci

  • Cause of psittacosis among psittacine birds
  • Parrot fever
  • Diagnosis: based on history of exposure to psittacines, serology

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Description

Test your knowledge on Chlamydia and Mycoplasma, including transmission, characteristics, symptoms, and environment. This quiz covers the basics of these microbiology topics.

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