Microbiology: Chlamydia and Mycoplasma Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of Chlamydia?

Airborne

Vector-borne

Contaminated food and water

Sexual contact

Which of the following is a characteristic of Mycoplasma?

Gram-negative

Gram-positive

Motile

Lack of cell walls (correct)

What is the most common symptom of Chlamydia in women?

Abdominal pain

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Fever

Asymptomatic (correct)

Mycoplasma is typically found in which environment?

Human respiratory tract Signup and view all the answers

Chlamydia is caused by which type of bacteria?

Gram-negative Signup and view all the answers

What is the most frequent cause of STD in the U.S.?

Chlamydia Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of untreated trachoma?

Blindness often occurs in 15-20 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of transmission for neonatal inclusion conjunctivitis?

Direct contact with infected cervical secretions Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the host's inflammatory response to Chlamydia?

Tissue damage and cell death Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical timing of neonatal inclusion conjunctivitis after birth?

2-3 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the adult form of inclusion conjunctivitis?

Associated with genital disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the usual mode of transmission for trachoma?

Droplet, hands, fomites, and flies Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical manifestation of trachoma?

Acute conjunctivitis followed by severe corneal scarring Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Chlamydia trachomatis in developing countries?

It's a common cause of blindness Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between Chlamydia and nutrients?

Chlamydia competes with host cells for nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of nongonococcal urethritis in men is caused by C.trachomatis?

40% Signup and view all the answers

What is the common syndrome seen in females infected with C.trachomatis?

Cervicitis, salpingitis, and urethral syndromes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for Chlamydia infections?

Antimicrobials Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of common STDs that C.trachomatis is one of?

5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of annual cases of C.trachomatis?

4 million Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diagnostic methods is most sensitive and specific for Chlamydia?

Isolation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Iodine staining in the diagnosis of Chlamydia?

To visualize inclusions in cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the common manifestation of LGV?

Small, painless genital ulcer Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms is associated with urogenital infections?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the common systemic manifestation of LGV?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Serology in the diagnosis of Chlamydia?

To diagnose acute infections Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnosis of LGV based on?

Characteristics of the genital ulcer Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diagnostic methods detects organisms in clinical samples?

ELISA Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of annual cases of psittacosis in the U.S.?

Fewer than 50 cases Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of inclusions in cells infected with Chlamydia?

Presence of inclusions after several days Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of Chlamydia?

Chlamydia trachomatis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chlamydia and Mycoplasma

Chlamydia

Primary mode of transmission: Sexual contact
Caused by: Chlamydia trachomatis, a type of bacterium
Most common symptom in women: Asymptomatic, but can cause abnormal vaginal discharge, burning sensation while urinating, or abdominal pain

Mycoplasma

Characteristic: Lacks a cell wall
Typically found in: Respiratory tract, particularly in the mucous membrane of the lungs

Chlamydiae Characteristics

Possess DNA and RNA
Multiply via binary fission
Susceptible to several antibiotics
Small, variable shape (generally rounded)
Unusual replicative cycle

Life Cycle

Elementary body: small, extracellular, infectious stage
Enters via endocytosis and resides within phagosome
Metabolically active and reorganizes within one hour of infection into reticulate body

Reticulate Body

Larger, intracellular, non-infectious
Cannot survive outside of cell
Uses host ATP to divide
After 24-72 hours, becomes elementary body
Replicates within cytoplasm of host cells
Intracellular inclusions can be seen by light microscope
Between 48-72 hours, cell ruptures and infective elementary bodies are released

Virulence Factors

Not completely known
Produce heat-labile toxins
Compete with host cell for nutrients
Cause tissue damage and cell death

Chlamydia Trachomatis

Divided into 3 biovars
Cause eye infections (two forms): trachoma and inclusion conjunctivitis

Trachoma

Caused by serotypes A, B, Ba, and C
Chronic keratoconjunctivitis
More common in developing countries
Transmission through droplet, hands, fomites, and flies
Leading cause of preventable blindness in developing countries

Inclusion Conjunctivitis

Acute inflammation of conjunctiva seen in adults and infants
Common in populations with high numbers of Chlamydia genital infections
Neonatal form results from direct contact with infected cervical secretions
Presents as acute, copious, mucopurulent eye discharge
Symptoms can resolve without treatment

Genital Infection

Most frequent cause of STD in U.S.
Treatment: antimicrobials, tetracycline, erythromycin, sulfonamides, and rifampin
Control: treat known cases, prevent exposure

Diagnostics

Isolation: most sensitive and specific method
Direct staining: Giemsa, iodine, or immunofluorescence
ELISA: used to detect organisms in clinical samples
Serology: used to diagnose acute infections, must show 4-fold titer increase, high IgM suggestive of recent infection

Chlamydophila Pneumoniae

Worldwide distribution
Infections seen between 7-30 years of age
Infections usually mild to moderate, but can be severe in elderly
Associated with pneumonia, bronchitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, and flu-like illness
Diagnosis based on clinical presentation and laboratory tests

Mycoplasmataceae

Urogenital infections: Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Ureaplasma parvum
Respiratory infections: M. pneumoniae
Distinct venereal disease from C. trachomatis
One of 5 common STDs: gonorrhoeae, syphilis, herpes, chancroid

LGV (Lymphogranuloma Venereum)

Systemic manifestations: hepatitis, pneumonitis, meningoencephalitis
Diagnosis: characteristic appearance, laboratory tests
Two stages: genital lesion, lymph adenitis

Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) Psittaci

Cause of psittacosis among psittacine birds
Parrot fever
Diagnosis: based on history of exposure to psittacines, serology

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Description

Test your knowledge on Chlamydia and Mycoplasma, including transmission, characteristics, symptoms, and environment. This quiz covers the basics of these microbiology topics.