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Questions and Answers
The ________ charge of a basic dye adheres to the ________ charge of bacterial cell surfaces.
The ________ charge of a basic dye adheres to the ________ charge of bacterial cell surfaces.
positive; negative
Which of the following is a proper scientific name?
Which of the following is a proper scientific name?
Escherichia coli
Which of the following is (are) mismatched? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following is (are) mismatched? (Select all that apply)
- Pure culture: diverse colonies evident (correct)
- Streak plate technique: broth culture (correct)
A patient enters the hospital complaining of chest pains and bloody sputum. After an acid-fast stain, the presence of red, rod-shaped cells indicates the patient most likely has:
A patient enters the hospital complaining of chest pains and bloody sputum. After an acid-fast stain, the presence of red, rod-shaped cells indicates the patient most likely has:
Put Koch's postulates in order from FIRST to LAST:
Put Koch's postulates in order from FIRST to LAST:
Which of the following is not a functionally similar pair of staining reagents?
Which of the following is not a functionally similar pair of staining reagents?
Which of the following pairs is MISMATCHED?
Which of the following pairs is MISMATCHED?
Place the steps of the Gram stain in the correct order:
Place the steps of the Gram stain in the correct order:
Living things ordinarily too small to be seen with the unaided eye are termed __________________.
Living things ordinarily too small to be seen with the unaided eye are termed __________________.
Choose the mismatched pairing(s). (Select all that apply)
Choose the mismatched pairing(s). (Select all that apply)
Which type of lipid is incorrectly matched to its description?
Which type of lipid is incorrectly matched to its description?
Which of the following is representative of a methyl group?
Which of the following is representative of a methyl group?
Choose the true statement(s) about atoms. (Select all that apply)
Choose the true statement(s) about atoms. (Select all that apply)
_____________ are atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
_____________ are atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
The primary structure of a protein
The primary structure of a protein
After a 48-hour incubation with 35P, where would you most likely find it in Saccharomyces cerevisiae?
After a 48-hour incubation with 35P, where would you most likely find it in Saccharomyces cerevisiae?
An atom's atomic number is 10 and atomic mass is 22. How many neutrons does the atom contain?
An atom's atomic number is 10 and atomic mass is 22. How many neutrons does the atom contain?
Which of the following is not one of the four main groups of biomolecules?
Which of the following is not one of the four main groups of biomolecules?
Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
All of the following are found in the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria except ________.
All of the following are found in the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria except ________.
Which of the following is NOT associated with the Gram negative OUTER MEMBRANE?
Which of the following is NOT associated with the Gram negative OUTER MEMBRANE?
How are L-forms different than Mycoplasma bacteria?
How are L-forms different than Mycoplasma bacteria?
You have isolated a motile, Gram-positive cell with no visible nucleus. You can assume this cell has:
You have isolated a motile, Gram-positive cell with no visible nucleus. You can assume this cell has:
Identify the bacterium listed below which does NOT form endospores.
Identify the bacterium listed below which does NOT form endospores.
Which of the following are MISMATCHED?
Which of the following are MISMATCHED?
Why is it so difficult to kill acid-fast bacteria?
Why is it so difficult to kill acid-fast bacteria?
Most prokaryotic cells reproduce
Most prokaryotic cells reproduce
Which of the following terms best describes the arrangement of flagella in the above figure?
Which of the following terms best describes the arrangement of flagella in the above figure?
Which is not a function which the cytoskeleton performs?
Which is not a function which the cytoskeleton performs?
Which of the following supports the endosymbiosis theory?
Which of the following supports the endosymbiosis theory?
You have isolated a new organism which has eukaryotic cells, is multicellular, grows as hyphae, does not perform photosynthesis, and has a cell wall. This organism most likely belongs to which kingdom?
You have isolated a new organism which has eukaryotic cells, is multicellular, grows as hyphae, does not perform photosynthesis, and has a cell wall. This organism most likely belongs to which kingdom?
Which grouping of parasitic helminths includes hookworms?
Which grouping of parasitic helminths includes hookworms?
Which of the following are incorrectly paired?
Which of the following are incorrectly paired?
After getting a pedicure, Amy notices a whitening of her toenails. What type of infection is Amy experiencing?
After getting a pedicure, Amy notices a whitening of her toenails. What type of infection is Amy experiencing?
Which of the following vesicles is incorrectly matched with its function?
Which of the following vesicles is incorrectly matched with its function?
Which of the following is not classified as eukaryotic?
Which of the following is not classified as eukaryotic?
Which of the following is mismatched?
Which of the following is mismatched?
A patient presents with symptoms of severe gastrointestinal distress. A protozoan which moves via hair-like appendages is observed. The most likely cause of the infection is
A patient presents with symptoms of severe gastrointestinal distress. A protozoan which moves via hair-like appendages is observed. The most likely cause of the infection is
Which of the following is an example of phage conversion?
Which of the following is an example of phage conversion?
Which of the following antiviral drug categories is incorrectly matched with its description?
Which of the following antiviral drug categories is incorrectly matched with its description?
All the following are DNA viruses except
All the following are DNA viruses except
Herpesviridae can become a provirus and remain in the host without producing any symptoms. This is an example of a(n) _____________ infection.
Herpesviridae can become a provirus and remain in the host without producing any symptoms. This is an example of a(n) _____________ infection.
Which one of the properties listed below is not used to classify viruses?
Which one of the properties listed below is not used to classify viruses?
Which of the following best describes viruses?
Which of the following best describes viruses?
Broad tropism refers to the viral ability to
Broad tropism refers to the viral ability to
Which picture shows an icosahedral, enveloped virus with spikes?
Which picture shows an icosahedral, enveloped virus with spikes?
There are six steps that occur during multiplication of herpesviruses. What is the third step?
There are six steps that occur during multiplication of herpesviruses. What is the third step?
Which of the following describes the function of a reverse transcriptase enzyme?
Which of the following describes the function of a reverse transcriptase enzyme?
Flashcards
Basic Dyes and Bacterial Cells
Basic Dyes and Bacterial Cells
Basic dyes carry a positive charge, enabling them to bind to the negatively charged surfaces of bacterial cells.
Binomial Nomenclature: "Escherichia coli"
Binomial Nomenclature: "Escherichia coli"
A system for naming organisms using two parts: the genus (first name, capitalized) and the species (second name, lowercase).
Streak Plate Technique
Streak Plate Technique
A technique to isolate a single species of bacteria from a mixed culture by streaking bacteria across a solid agar plate.
Pure Culture
Pure Culture
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Acid-Fast Staining
Acid-Fast Staining
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Diagnosing Nocardia/Mycobacterium
Diagnosing Nocardia/Mycobacterium
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Koch's Postulates
Koch's Postulates
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Iodine (Gram Staining)
Iodine (Gram Staining)
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Alcohol-Acetone (Gram Staining)
Alcohol-Acetone (Gram Staining)
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Safranin (Gram Staining)
Safranin (Gram Staining)
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Microorganisms
Microorganisms
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Dehydration Synthesis
Dehydration Synthesis
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Fat (Lipid)
Fat (Lipid)
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Methyl Group Representation
Methyl Group Representation
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Atoms
Atoms
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Isotopes
Isotopes
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Primary Protein Structure
Primary Protein Structure
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Radioisotope Localization (35P)
Radioisotope Localization (35P)
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Electrolytes and Biomolecules
Electrolytes and Biomolecules
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Gram-Positive Cell Wall Composition
Gram-Positive Cell Wall Composition
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Gram-Negative Cell Wall Composition
Gram-Negative Cell Wall Composition
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L-Forms vs. Mycoplasma
L-Forms vs. Mycoplasma
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Streptococci
Streptococci
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Characteristics of a Motile Gram-Positive Cell
Characteristics of a Motile Gram-Positive Cell
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Endospore Formation: Staphylococcus aureus
Endospore Formation: Staphylococcus aureus
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Inclusions vs. Organelles
Inclusions vs. Organelles
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Mycolic Acid and Resistance
Mycolic Acid and Resistance
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Prokaryotic Reproduction (Binary Fission)
Prokaryotic Reproduction (Binary Fission)
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Lophotrichous Flagella Arrangement
Lophotrichous Flagella Arrangement
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Cytoskeleton Functions
Cytoskeleton Functions
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Endosymbiosis Theory - Evidence
Endosymbiosis Theory - Evidence
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Classifying a New Organism: Fungi
Classifying a New Organism: Fungi
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Hookworms - Roundworms
Hookworms - Roundworms
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Study Notes
Basic Dyes and Bacterial Cells
- Basic dyes have a positive charge, allowing them to adhere to the negatively charged surfaces of bacterial cells.
Scientific Naming
- "Escherichia coli" is correctly formatted as a scientific name, following binomial nomenclature.
Culture Techniques
- Mismatches include:
- Streak plate technique cannot be directly associated with broth culture.
- Pure cultures should not show diverse colonies.
Diagnosis via Acid-Fast Staining
- Red, rod-shaped cells from a throat swab may indicate an infection by Nocardia or Mycobacterium species.
Koch's Postulates
- Follow the order: 2 (Isolate), 1 (Inoculate), 3 (Observe), 4 (Re-isolate).
Staining Reagents
- Nigrosin is not functionally similar to malachite green.
Historical Figures in Microbiology
- Lister is incorrectly credited for developing mouthwash.
Gram Staining Steps
- The order of steps in Gram staining: Crystal violet, Iodine, Alcohol-acetone, Safranin.
Definition of Microorganisms
- Microorganisms refer to living things that are typically too small to be seen with the naked eye.
Mismatched Reactions
- Exchange reaction and dehydration synthesis contain errors in their pairings.
Lipid Classifications
- Wax is incorrectly described as a solid lipid at room temperature.
Methyl Group Representation
- A methyl group can be represented as -CH3.
Atomic Structure
- Atoms are the smallest unit of an element.
Isotopes
- Isotopes are atoms that share the same number of protons but differ in neutrons.
Protein Structure
- The primary structure of a protein is defined by its amino acid sequence.
Radioisotope Experiment
- The radioisotope 35P would localize in the nucleic acids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae after 48 hours.
Atomic Composition
- An atom with an atomic number of 10 and atomic mass of 22 contains 12 neutrons.
Biomolecule Groups
- Electrolytes do not belong to the four primary groups of biomolecules.
Incorrect Pairings
- Salt is inaccurately defined as formed from hydrogen and hydroxide ions.
Cell Wall Composition
- Gram-positive bacteria lack lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in their cell walls.
Outer Membrane Characteristics
- Teichoic acids are not found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
L-Forms vs. Mycoplasma
- L-forms are resistant to environmental stresses, unlike Mycoplasma bacteria.
Bacterial Shapes
- Streptococci are spherical-shaped bacteria that divide in chains.
Cell Characteristics
- A motile, gram-positive cell without a visible nucleus still possesses ribosomes.
Endospore Formation
- Staphylococcus aureus does not form endospores.
Inclusions and Organelles
- Inclusions are not membrane-bound organelles.
Acid-Fast Bacteria Resistance
- Mycolic acid present in acid-fast bacteria creates difficulty for drug and nutrient entry.
Prokaryotic Reproduction
- Prokaryotic cells typically reproduce through binary fission.
Flagella Arrangement
- Lophotrichous refers to a specific arrangement of flagella.
Cytoskeleton Functions
- The cytoskeleton does not perform passive transport through the plasma membrane.
Endosymbiosis Theory Support
- The similarity of 70S ribosomes in mitochondria and prokaryotes supports the endosymbiosis theory.
Classification of New Organism
- Eukaryotic, multicellular organisms that grow as hyphae and lack photosynthesis belong to the Fungi kingdom.
Parasitic Helminth Group
- Hookworms are classified under roundworms.
Cell Organelle Functions
- Smooth ER is incorrectly paired with the function of protein synthesis.
Dermatophytic Infection
- A toenail infection presenting nucleated cells may indicate Tinea (dermatophytic infection).
Incorrect Vesicle Function Match
- The nucleus does not house carbohydrates for energy.
Non-Eukaryotic Classification
- Bacteria are not classified as eukaryotic organisms.
Fungi Spores Classification
- Ascospores are inaccurately characterized as asexual spores.
Protozoan Infection
- Balantidium coli, a ciliated protozoan, is the likely cause of gastrointestinal distress when bacterial and viral pathogens are ruled out.
Phage Conversion Example
- Infection of Streptococcus pyogenes by T12 phage grants it the ability to produce erythrogenic toxins, causing scarlet fever.
Antiviral Drug Categories
- Interferons are wrongly matched as treatments for postexposure prophylaxis.
Viral Classification
- Calciviridae is classified as a RNA virus and not as a DNA virus.
Latent Viral Infections
- Herpesviridae can exist as a provirus, periodically reactivating and causing symptoms, classified as a latent infection.
Virus Classification Properties
- The type of antiviral drugs used is not a property for classifying viruses.
Virus Characteristics
- Viruses are best described as obligate intracellular parasites.
Broad Tropism
- Refers to a virus's capacity to infect a diverse range of host cells or tissues.
Herpesvirus Multiplication
- Uncoating is identified as the third step in herpesvirus multiplication.
Reverse Transcriptase Function
- Reverse transcriptase synthesizes DNA from viral RNA.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts in microbiology, including staining techniques, culture methods, and bacterial identification. This quiz covers important historical figures, Koch's postulates, and the appropriate use of basic dyes. Challenge yourself and reinforce your understanding of microbiological principles.
