Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the role of microbes in nitrogen fixation?
Which of the following best describes the role of microbes in nitrogen fixation?
- Breaking down nitrates into simpler compounds in the soil.
- Converting atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms within a plant host. (correct)
- Releasing nitrogen as a byproduct of their metabolic processes in the gut of animals.
- Decomposing organic matter to release nitrogen into the atmosphere.
What is the primary method used to classify microbes into different domains?
What is the primary method used to classify microbes into different domains?
- Morphological analysis of cell structures under microscope
- Sequencing and analyzing 16S rRNA genes to determine evolutionary relationships. (correct)
- Analyzing metabolic pathways of the microbe to determine which family it belongs to
- Culturing microbes in the lab and determining their optimal growth conditions.
Which of these is NOT a direct application of modern biotechnology involving microbes?
Which of these is NOT a direct application of modern biotechnology involving microbes?
- Developing novel vaccines for infectious diseases.
- Engineering microbes to produce enzymes for industrial applications.
- Generating natural proteins for therapeutic uses.
- Using microbes as a diagnostic tool for identifying diseases. (correct)
What is meant by the term 'endosymbiont' in the context of microbial life?
What is meant by the term 'endosymbiont' in the context of microbial life?
How do microbes contribute to human health?
How do microbes contribute to human health?
Flashcards
Bacteriology
Bacteriology
The study of bacteria, single-celled organisms that are prokaryotic. Microbiologists who study bacteriology might research how bacteria cause disease or how they can be used in biotechnology.
Nitrogen Fixation
Nitrogen Fixation
The process by which bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by plants.
Endosymbionts
Endosymbionts
These organisms live in a symbiotic relationship inside other organisms, providing a benefit to their host. They play a vital role in nutrient cycling and disease prevention.
Virology
Virology
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Modern Biotechnology
Modern Biotechnology
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Study Notes
Ch. Continued
- Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin
- Sergi Winogradsky developed Winogradsky columns
- Microbes that feed on inorganic minerals are called chemolithotrophs
- Bacteria living symbiotically inside a larger organism are called endosymbionts
- 16S rRNA sequencing is used to classify microbes into 3 domains
- Bacteriology studies bacteria
- Mycology studies fungi
- Parasitology studies protozoa and parasites
- Virology studies viruses
- Immunology studies immunity
- Microbes convert carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus into usable forms
- Sewage treatment removes undesirable materials
- Bioremediation cleans up pollutants
- Modern biotechnology uses microbes to produce natural proteins, vaccines, and enzymes
- Gene therapy inserts or replaces defective genes
Gene Therapy
- Gene therapy inserts missing genes or replaces defective ones in cells
- Earth's microbes contribute to human health by aiding in digestion, producing essential vitamins, and protecting against harmful pathogens
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