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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
What type of bacteria are bacilli?
What type of bacteria are bacilli?
- Round shape
- Rod shape (correct)
- Irregular shape
- Spiral shape
What type of bacteria are cocci?
What type of bacteria are cocci?
- Rod shape
- Spiral shape
- Round shape (correct)
- Irregular shape
What does contagious mean?
What does contagious mean?
Capable of being transmitted directly or indirectly from one person to another.
What is culture in microbiology?
What is culture in microbiology?
What is culture medium?
What is culture medium?
What does it mean to incubate?
What does it mean to incubate?
What is the incubation period?
What is the incubation period?
What is an infectious disease?
What is an infectious disease?
What does inoculate mean?
What does inoculate mean?
What is microbiology?
What is microbiology?
What is normal flora?
What is normal flora?
What is a specimen?
What is a specimen?
What are spirilla?
What are spirilla?
What are microorganisms?
What are microorganisms?
What life processes are performed within a unicellular microbe?
What life processes are performed within a unicellular microbe?
What is meant by 'microorganisms are ubiquitous'?
What is meant by 'microorganisms are ubiquitous'?
Describe two examples of beneficial normal flora.
Describe two examples of beneficial normal flora.
What occurs when pathogens invade the body?
What occurs when pathogens invade the body?
What defense mechanisms are used by the body against pathogens?
What defense mechanisms are used by the body against pathogens?
What is droplet infection?
What is droplet infection?
How might the spread of droplet infection be prevented?
How might the spread of droplet infection be prevented?
What occurs during the incubation period?
What occurs during the incubation period?
What is the prodromal period of an infectious disease?
What is the prodromal period of an infectious disease?
What is the acute period of an infectious disease?
What is the acute period of an infectious disease?
List three infectious diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
List three infectious diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
List three infectious diseases caused by Streptococci.
List three infectious diseases caused by Streptococci.
List three infectious diseases caused by bacilli.
List three infectious diseases caused by bacilli.
Where do E. coli bacteria normally reside in the body?
Where do E. coli bacteria normally reside in the body?
List four infectious diseases caused by viruses.
List four infectious diseases caused by viruses.
What is the stage in microscopy?
What is the stage in microscopy?
What is a substage condenser?
What is a substage condenser?
What is a diaphragm in microscopy?
What is a diaphragm in microscopy?
What is coarse adjustment?
What is coarse adjustment?
What is fine adjustment?
What is fine adjustment?
What is an eyepiece (ocular lens)?
What is an eyepiece (ocular lens)?
What is low power in microscopy?
What is low power in microscopy?
What is high power in microscopy?
What is high power in microscopy?
What is oil immersion?
What is oil immersion?
What is the purpose of using oil with the oil-immersion objective?
What is the purpose of using oil with the oil-immersion objective?
List five guidelines for proper care of the microscope.
List five guidelines for proper care of the microscope.
List five common areas of the body from which a microbiologic specimen may be obtained.
List five common areas of the body from which a microbiologic specimen may be obtained.
What are extraneous microorganisms?
What are extraneous microorganisms?
List two ways to prevent contamination of a specimen with extraneous microorganisms.
List two ways to prevent contamination of a specimen with extraneous microorganisms.
List two precautions a medical assistant should take to prevent infecting themselves with a microbiologic specimen.
List two precautions a medical assistant should take to prevent infecting themselves with a microbiologic specimen.
Why should a specimen for microbial culture be processed as soon as possible after it is collected?
Why should a specimen for microbial culture be processed as soon as possible after it is collected?
Why is it important to indicate on a microbiology lab request that a patient is receiving antibiotic therapy?
Why is it important to indicate on a microbiology lab request that a patient is receiving antibiotic therapy?
Describe the procedure for collecting a wound specimen.
Describe the procedure for collecting a wound specimen.
What is the purpose of a transport medium?
What is the purpose of a transport medium?
How should a collection and transport system be stored?
How should a collection and transport system be stored?
What is strep throat?
What is strep throat?
What is the age range that strep throat is most likely to affect?
What is the age range that strep throat is most likely to affect?
What are the symptoms of strep throat?
What are the symptoms of strep throat?
How is strep throat transmitted?
How is strep throat transmitted?
What is a poststreptococcal complication?
What is a poststreptococcal complication?
List two poststreptococcal complications that may occur in a patient with strep throat.
List two poststreptococcal complications that may occur in a patient with strep throat.
What is the advantage of using a Rapid Antigen Detection Test (RADT) to diagnose strep throat?
What is the advantage of using a Rapid Antigen Detection Test (RADT) to diagnose strep throat?
What is Influenza type A?
What is Influenza type A?
What is Influenza type B?
What is Influenza type B?
What is Influenza type C?
What is Influenza type C?
List two ways in which influenza can be transmitted.
List two ways in which influenza can be transmitted.
What is the incubation period for influenza?
What is the incubation period for influenza?
How long is an individual contagious following infection with influenza?
How long is an individual contagious following infection with influenza?
How do the symptoms of influenza differ from those of a cold?
How do the symptoms of influenza differ from those of a cold?
What are the symptoms of influenza?
What are the symptoms of influenza?
What factors can increase the risk of developing serious complications from influenza?
What factors can increase the risk of developing serious complications from influenza?
What complications may occur from contracting influenza?
What complications may occur from contracting influenza?
What is the best means for preventing an influenza infection?
What is the best means for preventing an influenza infection?
Who should receive an influenza vaccine?
Who should receive an influenza vaccine?
Why must a new influenza vaccine be produced each year?
Why must a new influenza vaccine be produced each year?
What are three benefits of an influenza vaccination?
What are three benefits of an influenza vaccination?
What infection control measures can be taken to prevent the transmission of influenza?
What infection control measures can be taken to prevent the transmission of influenza?
How do antiviral medications work to treat influenza?
How do antiviral medications work to treat influenza?
What is the recommendation for prescribing antiviral medication against influenza?
What is the recommendation for prescribing antiviral medication against influenza?
How is influenza typically diagnosed?
How is influenza typically diagnosed?
When might a rapid influenza test be performed?
When might a rapid influenza test be performed?
Why is a nasopharyngeal specimen usually preferred for rapid influenza tests?
Why is a nasopharyngeal specimen usually preferred for rapid influenza tests?
What is the advantage of using a flocked swab to collect a nasopharyngeal specimen?
What is the advantage of using a flocked swab to collect a nasopharyngeal specimen?
How can the distance to insert a nasopharyngeal swab be determined?
How can the distance to insert a nasopharyngeal swab be determined?
What is the purpose of culturing a microbiologic specimen?
What is the purpose of culturing a microbiologic specimen?
What is the purpose of adding sheep's blood to an agar culture medium?
What is the purpose of adding sheep's blood to an agar culture medium?
What is the name given to a culture that contains two or more types of microorganisms?
What is the name given to a culture that contains two or more types of microorganisms?
What is the purpose of performing a sensitivity test on a bacterial culture?
What is the purpose of performing a sensitivity test on a bacterial culture?
How are the test results interpreted when performing a disc diffusion sensitivity test?
How are the test results interpreted when performing a disc diffusion sensitivity test?
Questions and Answers
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Study Notes
Study Notes
Bacteria and Shapes
- Bacilli are rod-shaped bacteria.
- Cocci are round-shaped bacteria.
- Spirilla are spiral or curved-shaped bacteria.
Microbial Characteristics
- Microorganisms are tiny living organisms invisible to the naked eye, observed under a microscope.
- Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens that harm their hosts.
- Normal flora consist of nonpathogenic microorganisms residing in the body, contributing beneficial functions.
Microbiological Techniques
- Culture refers to growing microorganisms in a lab environment.
- A culture medium contains nutrients necessary for microbial growth.
- Specimens are small samples from the body, used to identify pathogens.
Infection and Transmission
- Contagious diseases can be spread directly or indirectly between individuals.
- The incubation period is the time between pathogen invasion and the onset of disease symptoms.
- Droplet infection occurs through tiny respiratory droplets from an infected person.
Immune Response
- The body employs natural defense mechanisms such as inflammation, phagocytosis, and antibodies to combat invading pathogens.
- Early detection of infections and appropriate antibiotic use can prevent complications.
Common Infectious Diseases
- Staphylococcus aureus can cause boils, carbuncles, and abscesses.
- Streptococci are responsible for strep throat, scarlet fever, and rheumatic fever.
- Bacilli can lead to botulism, tetanus, and gas gangrene.
Influenza Information
- Influenza type A is the most common, while type B causes milder outbreaks, and type C results in mild respiratory illness.
- Symptoms of influenza include fever, chills, muscle aches, and a dry cough.
- The best prevention method for influenza is the annual flu vaccine, recommended for anyone over 6 months.
Antiviral Treatment
- Antiviral medications limit the replication of the influenza virus and are most effective when given early, especially to unvaccinated individuals at risk of complications.
- Culturing microbiologic specimens helps grow pathogens for identification and sensitivity testing to determine effective antibiotics.
Specimen Collection and Handling
- Specimens should be procured from sterile environments to minimize contamination from extraneous microorganisms.
- A transport medium preserves specimens until they can be processed, preventing drying and degradation.
Microscope Use
- The microscope stage is where slides are positioned, while the substage condenser controls light concentration.
- Coarse and fine adjustments aid in focusing on specimens, with oil immersion providing high magnification for detailed observations.
Sensitivity Testing
- A sensitivity test on bacterial cultures identifies the most effective antibiotic for treating infections.
- Results are interpreted through disc diffusion on agar plates inoculated with the pathogen to identify antibiotic susceptibility.
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