7 Questions
Which type of cells have a network of intercellular protein fibers known as cytoskeleton?
Eukaryotic cells
What is the primary method of reproduction in prokaryotic cells?
Binary fission
What advantage do prokaryotic cells have over eukaryotic cells due to their smaller size?
Increased surface area to volume ratio
What is the size range of prokaryotic cells in terms of diameter?
0.5 - 2.0 µm
Which type of cells require specialized organelles to carry out metabolism?
Eukaryotic cells
What is the range of lengths for prokaryotic cells as mentioned in the text?
1 - 60 µm
Which type of cell division is characteristic of eukaryotic reproduction?
Mitosis
Study Notes
Bacteria Characteristics
- Bacteria are unicellular, prokaryotic organisms that lack a nucleus.
- They have a peptidoglycan cell wall and divide by binary fission.
- They may possess flagella for motility.
Bacteria Shapes and Arrangements
- Cocci: spherical or oval shaped, examples include Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococci.
- Bacilli: rod shaped, examples include Bacillus and Coccobacilli.
- Vibrios: comma shaped, examples include Haemophilus influenzae.
- Spirilla: rigid spiral forms, examples include Spirilla and Spirochetes.
- Actinomycetes: branching filamentous bacteria.
Classification of Bacteria
- Based on shape: bacillus, coccus, spirilla, and vibrio.
- Based on cell wall: Gram-positive or Gram-negative.
- Based on response to gaseous environment: aerobic, anaerobic, and facultative anaerobes.
- Based on energy acquisition: heterotrophs or autotrophs.
Examples of Bacteria
- Gardnerella vaginalis: a coccus that causes influenza-like symptoms.
- Haemophilus influenzae: a vibrio that causes influenza-like symptoms.
- Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis: a diplobacillus that causes chronic nasal infection in humans.
- Streptobacillus moniliformis: a causative agent of rat-bite fever.
- Corynebacterium diphtheria: a causative agent of diphtheria.
- Streptococcus pyogenes: a streptococcus that causes acute pharyngitis.
- Streptococcus pneumoniae: a gram-positive diplococcus that causes pneumonia.
Prokaryotic Cells vs Eukaryotic Cells
- Prokaryotic cells: small, unicellular, no nucleus, circular DNA, small ribosomes, no cytoskeleton, and reproduce by binary fission.
- Eukaryotic cells: large, often multicellular, have a nucleus, linear DNA, large ribosomes, have a cytoskeleton, and reproduce by mitosis or meiosis.
Test your knowledge on the shapes and arrangements of different types of bacteria, such as cocci, bacilli, vibrios, spirilla, spirochetes, and actinomycetes. Learn about common bacterial shapes and arrangements in this quiz.
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