Questions and Answers
Describe 2 characteristics of Streptococcus mutans that contribute to its ability to cause dental caries.
Produces lactic acid during fermentation and converts sucrose into glucans.
Describe the process of periodontal disease.
The plaque has bacterial products that create an inflammatory response in the tissues and gums, leading to tissue damage.
How does Helicobacter pylori cause stomach ulcers?
It produces urease which neutralizes stomach acid, leading to inflammation and thinning of the mucus layer.
Besides the ducts of the salivary glands, what other body sites are sometimes infected by the mumps virus?
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What characterizes the solutions used for oral rehydration therapy?
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How do Shigella cells move from one host cell to another even though they are non-motile?
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Name four different pathogenic groups of E. coli.
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What predisposes someone to a Clostridium difficile infection?
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Name two kinds of hepatitis that can be prevented by vaccines.
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Contrast the cause and epidemiology of giardiasis and amebiasis.
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Which of the following about intestinal bacteria is false?
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All of the following attributes of Streptococcus mutans are important in tooth decay except:
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Helicobacter pylori has all of the following characteristics except:
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Vibrio cholerae pathogenesis involves all of the following except:
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Which of the following statements concerning Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi is false?
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Which statement about rotaviral gastroenteritis is false?
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Which of the following statements about noroviruses is false?
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Study Notes
Dental Caries and Streptococcus mutans
- Streptococcus mutans thrives in acidic environments by producing lactic acid during fermentation.
- Converts sucrose into glucans, aiding in plaque formation on teeth.
Periodontal Disease
- Caused by plaque buildup leading to bacterial inflammation in gums and tissues.
- Results in tissue damage and eventual loss of support structures around teeth.
Helicobacter pylori and Stomach Ulcers
- Produces urease, which neutralizes stomach acid.
- Leads to inflammation and thinning of the mucous layer, allowing stomach acids to damage the epithelial layer.
Mumps Virus Infections
- In addition to salivary glands, mumps can infect the ovaries, pancreas, and testes.
Oral Rehydration Therapy Solutions
- Consists of sodium chloride, glucose, trisodium citrate, and potassium chloride.
Shigella Movement
- Shigella cells are non-motile but can move between host cells by invading neighboring epithelial cells via M cells, evading immune defenses.
Pathogenic Groups of E. coli
- Includes Enteroinvasive, Enteropathogenic, Enterotoxigenic, and Enterohemorrhagic strains.
Clostridium difficile Infection Risk
- Occurs when normal gut microbiota is disturbed, allowing C. difficile to proliferate, especially in patients on antibiotic therapy.
Vaccine-preventable Hepatitis
- Hepatitis A and B are both preventable by vaccines.
Giardiasis vs. Amebiasis
- Giardiasis is caused by Giardia lamblia, primarily found in animals, while Amebiasis is caused by Entamoeba histolytica, contracted from humans.
- Both diseases spread via the fecal-oral route.
Intestinal Bacteria Misconceptions
- False statement: Intestinal bacteria are mostly aerobes.
- They are anaerobic, produce vitamins, can produce carcinogens, generate gas from undigested food, and include potential pathogens.
Attributes of Streptococcus mutans and Tooth Decay
- Produces lactic acid, can grow at a pH below 5, synthesizes glucan, and adheres to dental plaque.
- False statement: Produces endotoxin to trigger inflammatory response.
Characteristics of Helicobacter pylori
- It is a helical bacterium with sheathed flagella and produces urease.
- Causes long-term infections and stomach ulcers.
- False statement: It is an obligate anaerobe.
Vibrio cholerae Pathogenesis
- Involves attachment to intestinal epithelium, production of cholera toxin, and leads to watery diarrhea.
- False statement: Acid resistance is not a primary factor in pathogenesis.
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi
- Can colonize the gallbladder and destroy Peyer’s patches.
- False statement: It is commonly acquired from domestic animals; it is primarily human-associated.
Rotaviral Gastroenteritis
- A vaccine is available, and fatal dehydration can occur without fluid replacement.
- Primarily affects infants and children.
- False statement: Causative agent does not mainly infect the stomach.
Noroviruses
- The most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in the U.S., with a low infectious dose and short-lived immunity.
- False statement: Generally causing vomiting for 1 to 2 weeks; actual duration is shorter.
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Description
Explore key concepts from Chapter 24 in microbiology with this set of flashcards. Test your knowledge on Streptococcus mutans and periodontal disease, focusing on their characteristics and implications for dental health. Ideal for students looking to reinforce their understanding of oral microbiology.
